How to format your references using the Military Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M. Super-resolve me: from micro to nano. Nature. 2015 Oct 15;526(7573):459–62.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marsh M, van Meer G. Cell biology. No ESCRTs for exosomes. Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1191–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Suzuki T, Asami M, Perry ACF. Asymmetric parental genome engineering by Cas9 during mouse meiotic exit. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 23;4:7621.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Moreira-Leite FF, Sherwin T, Kohl L, Gull K. A trypanosome structure involved in transmitting cytoplasmic information during cell division. Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):610–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burgess M. Analytical Network and System Administration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Zaidi SH. Vertigo: A Clinical Guide. Sinha A, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XIII, 196 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Greffet JJ. Introduction to Surface Plasmon Theory. In: Enoch S, Bonod N, editors. Plasmonics: From Basics to Advanced Topics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 105–48. (Springer Series in Optical Sciences).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. Why Does Coffee Make You Poop? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Truck Safety: Motor Carriers Office Hampered by Limited Information on Causes of Crashes and Other Data Problems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jun. Report No.: RCED-99-182.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Espinoza M. A Latina’s educational attainment and her observations of foster youth’s educational struggles: A narrative [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Liptak A, Wines M. Justices Thwart Strict Voter ID Law That Unevenly Hurt Blacks. New York Times. 2017 May 15;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medicine
Abbreviation	Mil. Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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