How to format your references using the Military Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. The future of science will soon be upon us. Nature. 2015 Aug 13;524(7564):137.

A journal article with 2 authors

Enemark EJ, Joshua-Tor L. Mechanism of DNA translocation in a replicative hexameric helicase. Nature. 2006 Jul 20;442(7100):270–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang X, Rickert M, Garcia KC. Structure of the quaternary complex of interleukin-2 with its alpha, beta, and gammac receptors. Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1159–63.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhao Q, Zhou H, Chi S, Wang Y, Wang J, Geng J, et al. Structure and mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1 channel. Nature. 2018 Feb 22;554(7693):487–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tsujimura T. OLED Display Fundamentals and Applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Sloboda Z, editor. Epidemiology of Drug Abuse. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005. X, 240 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Bani-Ahmad S, Ozsoyoglu G. Improved Publication Scores for Online Digital Libraries Via Research Pyramids. In: Kovács L, Fuhr N, Meghini C, editors. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 11th European Conference, ECDL 2007, Budapest, Hungary, September 16-21, 2007 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 50–62. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. Researchers Record Chimpanzee Mother Caring For Her Disabled Child In The Wild [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-record-chimpanzee-mother-caring-her-disabled-child-wild0/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Safety: Promising Initiatives for Addressing School Violence. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Apr. Report No.: HEHS-95-106.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shipe RL. Creating productive ambiguity: A visual research narrative [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hartman S. Keepers of the Spanish Flame. New York Times. 2015 Dec 6;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medicine
Abbreviation	Mil. Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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