How to format your references using the Military Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaiser D. The search for clean cash. Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):30–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Norenzayan A, Shariff AF. The origin and evolution of religious prosociality. Science. 2008 Oct 3;322(5898):58–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chu R, Reczek D, Brondyk W. Capture-stabilize approach for membrane protein SPR assays. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 8;4:7360.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Morbidelli A, Levison HF, Tsiganis K, Gomes R. Chaotic capture of Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids in the early Solar System. Nature. 2005 May 26;435(7041):462–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bates J, Gallon C, Bocci M, Walker S, Taylor T. Converged Multimedia Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Perner P, Imiya A, editors. Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition: 4th International Conference, MLDM 2005, Leipzig, Germany, July 9-11, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XVIII, 698 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 3587).

A chapter in an edited book

Golubcovs S, Yakovlev A. Asynchronous Communications for NoCs. In: Silvano C, Lajolo M, Palermo G, editors. Low Power Networks-on-Chip. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2011. p. 71–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews R. Baby Birds May Reveal How Flight Evolved In Their Dinosaur Ancestors [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/baby-bird-locomotion-may-reveal-how-flight-evolved-their-dinosaurian-ancestors/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Race to the Top: Survey of School Districts’ Capacity to Implement Reform (GAO-15-317SP, April 2015), an E-supplement to GAO-15-295. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Apr. Report No.: GAO-15-317SP.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grace-McCaskey CA. Fishermen, Politics, and Participation: An Ethnographic Examination of Commercial Fisheries Management in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Talmadge C. A Military Budget Without a Plan. New York Times. 2017 Mar 6;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medicine
Abbreviation	Mil. Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health