How to format your references using the Military Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Percy AK. Neuroscience. Path to treat Rett syndrome. Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):318–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Srivastava D, Ivey KN. Potential of stem-cell-based therapies for heart disease. Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1097–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu X, Gross RL, Suits AG. “Heavy electron” photoelectron spectroscopy: rotationally resolved ion pair imaging of CH3+. Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2527–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Abeyrathne CD, Halgamuge MN, Farrell PM, Skafidas E. An ab-initio computational method to determine dielectric properties of biological materials. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1796.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Schwenker F, Trentin E, editors. Partially Supervised Learning: First IAPR TC3 Workshop, PSL 2011, Ulm, Germany, September 15-16, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. X, 159 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 7081).

A chapter in an edited book

Chai KC, Tay KM, Lim CP. A New Sign Distance-Based Ranking Method for Fuzzy Numbers. In: Handa H, Ishibuchi H, Ong YS, Tan KC, editors. Proceedings of the 18th Asia Pacific Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems - Volume 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 55–64. (Proceedings in Adaptation, Learning and Optimization).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Mission to Mars: MAVEN to Explore the Red Planet’s Atmosphere. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Lunch Program: Buy American Procedures at Schools With Cash or Credit in Lieu of Food. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Aug. Report No.: RCED-89-183.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garyan D. Converging origins: Never forget what happened in the future [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Zuckert B. Desperately Searching for Track 16. New York Times. 2016 Sep 12;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medicine
Abbreviation	Mil. Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health