How to format your references using the Military Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown KR. Physics Probing the electron. Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):255–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Macfarlane A, Martin G. Beyond the ivory tower. A world of glass. Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1407–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tsubogo T, Oyamada H, Kobayashi S. Multistep continuous-flow synthesis of (R)- and (S)-rolipram using heterogeneous catalysts. Nature. 2015 Apr 16;520(7547):329–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shepherd A, Wingham DJ, Mansley JA, Corr HF. Inland thinning of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica. Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):862–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Khouw MC, Guthner MW. The Options Edge + Free Trial. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Tymieniecka AT, editor. Timing and Temporality in Islamic Philosophy and Phenomenology of Life. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. XII, 346 p. (Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology in Dialogue; vol. 3).

A chapter in an edited book

Dall BE, Eden SV, Bucklen B, Moldavsky M, Mcnutt RW. Biomechanics of the Injured SIJ: Results from an In Vitro Study. In: Dall BE, Eden SV, Rahl MD, editors. Surgery for the Painful, Dysfunctional Sacroiliac Joint: A Clinical Guide. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 37–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medicine.

Blog post

Taub B. Spiders’ Personalities Help Colonies Survive As Climate Changes. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Direct Student Loans: Overpayments During the Department of Education’s Conversion to a New Payment System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Feb. Report No.: HEHS-99-44R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gunhan-Senol NE. “I’m Turkish, I’m Honest...” I’m Autistic: Perceptions Regarding the Label of Autism [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. On Tulsa’s Long-Shot Olympic Pitch, Mayor and Others Say Never Mind. New York Times. 2013 Jul 4;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medicine
Abbreviation	Mil. Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health