How to format your references using the Military Medical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Coste B. Eppendorf finalist. The cellular feeling of pressure. Science. 2012;338:59.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sakaba T, Neher E. Direct modulation of synaptic vesicle priming by GABA(B) receptor activation at a glutamatergic synapse. Nature. 2003;424:775–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dillon ME, Wang G, Huey RB. Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming. Nature. 2010;467:704–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cliften P, Sudarsanam P, Desikan A, Fulton L, Fulton B, Majors J, et al. Finding functional features in Saccharomyces genomes by phylogenetic footprinting. Science. 2003;301:71–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Duchon C, Hale R. Time Series Analysis in Meteorology and Climatology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Chen Y. Dynamic Spectrum Auction in Wireless Communication. Zhang Q, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Takayasu A, Kunihiro N. How to Generalize RSA Cryptanalyses. In: Cheng C-M, Chung K-M, Persiano G, Yang B-Y, editors. Public-Key Cryptography – PKC 2016: 19th IACR International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography, Taipei, Taiwan, March 6-9, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. p. 67–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medical Research.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Panda Gives Snowman What For At Toronto Zoo [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/panda-gives-snowman-what-for-at-toronto-zoo/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Education Should Strengthen Oversight of Schools and Accreditors [Reissued on January 22, 2015]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Dec. Report No.: GAO-15-59.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lin L-M. Transformation in Chinese Theatre Works’ the Legend of White Snake [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kishkovsky CJCS, Andrew Kramer contributed reporting from Moscow for this article. AT LEAST 85 SLAIN AS REBELS ATTACK IN SOUTH RUSSIA. New York Times. 2005 Oct 14;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medical Research
Abbreviation	Mil. Med. Res.
ISSN (online)	2054-9369
Scope	General Medicine