How to format your references using the Military Medical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Military Medical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smith AB. Paleontology. Making the best of a patchy fossil record. Science. 2003;301:321–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sobel HW, Suzuki Y. Obituary: Yoji Totsuka (1942-2008). Nature. 2008;454:954.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Victor DG, House JC, Joy S. Climate. A Madisonian approach to climate policy. Science. 2005;309:1820–1.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Thomson RE, Mihály SF, Rabinovich AB, McDuff RE, Veirs SR, Stahr FR. Constrained circulation at Endeavour ridge facilitates colonization by vent larvae. Nature. 2003;424:545–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Prud’homme R. Flows and Chemical Reactions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Möser M. Ingeniería Acústica: Teoría y Aplicaciones. Barros JL, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kuroki Y, Uraoka T, Wolkersdörfer GW. High-Resolution Endoscopic Ultrasound: Clinical T-Staging of Mucosal Neoplasms. In: Berr F, Oyama T, Ponchon T, Yahagi N, editors. Early Neoplasias of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapeutic Decisions. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014. p. 71–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Military Medical Research.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Your Brain Connections Are As Unique As Your Fingerprint [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-connections-unique-fingerprint/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Drug Education: Rural Programs Have Many Components and Most Rely Heavily on Federal Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Jan. Report No.: HRD-92-34.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Martinez NM. The influence of formal and informal support on the quality of life of individuals with a severe mental illness [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Bernstein N. Medicaid Shift Fuels Rush for Profitable Clients. New York Times. 2014 May 9;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Military Medical Research
Abbreviation	Mil. Med. Res.
ISSN (online)	2054-9369
Scope	General Medicine