How to format your references using the Microscopy and Microanalysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microscopy and Microanalysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Overpeck, J. T. (2000). Climate change. The hole record. Nature 403, 714–715.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abbott, A. & Cyranoski, D. (2003). Biologists seek to head off future sources of infection. Nature 423, 3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoener, T. W., Losos, J. B. & Spiller, D. A. (2005). Island biogeography of populations: an introduced species transforms survival patterns. Science (New York, N.Y.) 310, 1807–1809.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hu, H., Ji, D., Zeng, X., Liu, K. & Gan, Q. (2013). Rainbow trapping in hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide. Scientific reports 3, 1249.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Helsel, D. R. (2011). Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab® and R. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bošnački, D. & Edelkamp, S. (eds.) (2007). Model Checking Software: 14th International SPIN Workshop, Berlin, Germany, July 1-3, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Keswani, C., Bisen, K., Singh, S. P., Sarma, B. K. & Singh, H. B. (2016). A Proteomic Approach to Understand the Tripartite Interactions Between Plant-Trichoderma-Pathogen: Investigating the Potential for Efficient Biological Control. In Plant, Soil and Microbes: Volume 2: Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions, Hakeem, K. R. & Akhtar, M. S. (Eds.), pp. 79–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microscopy and Microanalysis.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016). ISS Completes Historic 100,000th Orbit Of Earth. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003). Charter Schools: New Charter Schools Across the Country and in the District of Columbia Face Similar Start-Up Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martinez, J. (2013). ‘Effective nonprofit collaborative networks’. Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2005). New Yorkers in Moscow Follow Stanislavsky’s Path. New York Times, May 21, B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Overpeck, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Overpeck, 2000; Abbott & Cyranoski, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Abbott & Cyranoski, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Hu et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microscopy and Microanalysis
Abbreviation	Microsc. Microanal.
ISSN (print)	1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
Scope	Instrumentation