How to format your references using the Microscopy and Microanalysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microscopy and Microanalysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sabadini, R. (2002). Paleoclimate. Ice sheet collapse and sea level change. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295, 2376–2377.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liu, Z. & Herbert, T. D. (2004). High-latitude influence on the eastern equatorial Pacific climate in the early Pleistocene epoch. Nature 427, 720–723.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gibbs, K. A., Urbanowski, M. L. & Greenberg, E. P. (2008). Genetic determinants of self identity and social recognition in bacteria. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321, 256–259.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Murray, D. C., Haile, J., Dortch, J., White, N. E., Haouchar, D., Bellgard, M. I., Allcock, R. J., Prideaux, G. J. & Bunce, M. (2013). Scrapheap challenge: a novel bulk-bone metabarcoding method to investigate ancient DNA in faunal assemblages. Scientific reports 3, 3371.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allman, K. & Nogales, X. E. D. (2015). Impact Investment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Krishnaraj, V. (2013). Drilling of Polymer-Matrix Composites. Zitoune, R. & Davim, J. P. (Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ostalczyk, P. (2016). Linearization of the Non-linear Time-Variant Fractional-Order Difference Equation. In Theoretical Developments and Applications of Non-Integer Order Systems: 7th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications, Szczecin, Poland, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Domek, S. & Dworak, P. (Eds.), pp. 41–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microscopy and Microanalysis.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Historic Close-Ups Of Pluto And Its Moon Charon Present Puzzle For Scientists. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/historic-close-ups-pluto-and-its-moon-charon-present-puzzle-scientists/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993). Longer Combination Trucks: Driver Controls and Equipment Inspection Should Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Katsky, C. S. (2015). ‘Open Secrets: Congressional Oversight of the CIA in the Early Cold War’. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Berkon, B. (2016). Jewish Player’s Card From 1914 Provokes a $125,000 Dispute. New York Times, December 18, D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sabadini, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Sabadini, 2002; Liu & Herbert, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liu & Herbert, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Murray et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microscopy and Microanalysis
Abbreviation	Microsc. Microanal.
ISSN (print)	1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
Scope	Instrumentation