How to format your references using the Micromachines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Micromachines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hahn, R. Ronald Harry Coase (1910-2013). Nature 2013, 502, 449.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, M.; Schekman, R. Cell Biology. Unconventional Secretion, Unconventional Solutions. Science 2013, 340, 559–561.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riedel, I.H.; Kruse, K.; Howard, J. A Self-Organized Vortex Array of Hydrodynamically Entrained Sperm Cells. Science 2005, 309, 300–303.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Huang, L.; Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, G.; Kundu, S.C.; Wang, L. Exploring Natural Silk Protein Sericin for Regenerative Medicine: An Injectable, Photoluminescent, Cell-Adhesive 3D Hydrogel. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 7064.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rizzi, T.E.; Valenciano, A.; Bowles, M.; Cowell, R.; Tyler, R.; DeNicola, D.B. Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2017; ISBN 9781119365693.

An edited book

Feldman, R.M. Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes; Valdez-Flores, C., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; ISBN 9783642051555.

A chapter in an edited book

Nguyen, V.-T.; Vu, H.; Tran, T.-H. An Efficient Combination of RGB and Depth for Background Subtraction. In Some Current Advanced Researches on Information and Computer Science in Vietnam: Post-proceedings of The First NAFOSTED Conference on Information and Computer Science; Dang, Q.A., Nguyen, X.H., Le, H.B., Nguyen, V.H., Bao, V.N.Q., Eds.; Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; pp. 49–63 ISBN 9783319146324.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Micromachines.

Blog post

Luntz, S. Supermassive Black Hole Is Thirty Times Larger Than It Should Be Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/black-hole-thirty-times-too-large/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Hazardous Materials Rail Shipments: A Review of Emergency Response Information in Selected Train Documents; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2016;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watson, W.A. Middle School Students’ Experiences on a Science Museum Field Trip as Preparation for Future Learning. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman, M.M.; Vlasic, B. Volvo Makes Comeback With Return to Its Values. New York Times 2016, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Micromachines
Abbreviation	Micromachines (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2072-666X
Scope	Control and Systems Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mechanical Engineering