How to format your references using the Microgravity Science and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microgravity Science and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball, P.: Let’s catch some rays. Nature. 419, 12–14 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

Sonenberg, N., Pause, A.: Signal transduction. Protein synthesis and oncogenesis meet again. Science. 314, 428–429 (2006)

A journal article with 3 authors

Hamlin, J.K., Wynn, K., Bloom, P.: Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature. 450, 557–559 (2007)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Caputo, A., Caci, E., Ferrera, L., Pedemonte, N., Barsanti, C., Sondo, E., Pfeffer, U., Ravazzolo, R., Zegarra-Moran, O., Galietta, L.J.V.: TMEM16A, a membrane protein associated with calcium-dependent chloride channel activity. Science. 322, 590–594 (2008)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rich, P.: Understanding, Assessing, and Rehabilitating Juvenile Sexual Offenders. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011)

An edited book

Doleželová-Velingerová, M., Wagner, R.G. eds: Chinese Encyclopaedias of New Global Knowledge (1870-1930): Changing Ways of Thought. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Jhinjer, R.K., Verma, L., Wani, S.H., Gosal, S.S.: Molecular Farming Using Transgenic Approaches. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., and Johnson, D.V. (eds.) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits. pp. 97–145. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microgravity Science and Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Vertebrate Wildlife Species Have Declined By Half Over Last 40 Years, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/vertebrate-wildlife-species-declined-half-over-last-40-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Intermodal Transportation: DOT Could Take Further Actions to Address Intermodal Barriers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2007)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ward, S.: Historiography, prophecy, and literature: “Divina retribución” and its underlying ideological agenda, (2009)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G.: A Run to Twilight at the Millrose Games, (2010)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Ball 2002; Sonenberg and Pause 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sonenberg and Pause 2006)
Three or more authors: (Caputo et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microgravity Science and Technology
Abbreviation	Microgravity Sci. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0938-0108
ISSN (online)	1875-0494
Scope	General Engineering Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation General Physics and Astronomy