How to format your references using the Methods in Ecology and Evolution citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Methods in Ecology and Evolution. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D. (2009). Budget instructions. Nature, 461(7260), 25.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sigala, N., & Logothetis, N. K. (2002). Visual categorization shapes feature selectivity in the primate temporal cortex. Nature, 415(6869), 318–320.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alexander, M. H., Capecchi, G., & Werner, H.-J. (2002). Theoretical study of the validity of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the Cl + H2 --> HCl + H reaction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5568), 715–718.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Takayama, S., Ostuni, E., LeDuc, P., Naruse, K., Ingber, D. E., & Whitesides, G. M. (2001). Subcellular positioning of small molecules. Nature, 411(6841), 1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yaacoub, E. E., & Dawy, Z. (2012). Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Strekowski, L. (Ed.). (2008). Heterocyclic Polymethine Dyes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Vol. 14). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zaki, M. H., Hasan, O., Tahar, S., & Al-Sammane, G. (2015). Framework for Formally Verifying Analog and Mixed-Signal Designs. In M. Fakhfakh, E. Tlelo-Cuautle, & P. Siarry (Eds.), Computational Intelligence in Analog and Mixed-Signal (AMS) and Radio-Frequency (RF) Circuit Design (pp. 115–145). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Methods in Ecology and Evolution.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 4). New Method Could Reveal Your Entire Viral Infection History With A Single Drop Of Blood. Retrieved 30 October 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/your-entire-viral-infection-history-revealed-single-drop-blood/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Railroad Safety: More FRA Oversight Needed to Ensure Rail Safety in Region 2 (No. RCED-90-140). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vas, L. T. (2008). Orbis pictus: Intermedialität zwischen Berliner Stadtmalerei und literarischer Stadterfahrung dargestellt anhand der Werke von E.T.A. Hoffmann und Wilhelm Raabe (Doctoral dissertation). University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Berkman, S. (2017, June 3). A Beauty of a Pitchers’ Duel? Try an Ugly Slugfest. New York Times, p. D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Sigala & Logothetis, 2002; Goldston, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sigala & Logothetis, 2002)
Three authors: (Alexander, Capecchi, & Werner, 2002)
6 or more authors: (Takayama et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Abbreviation	Methods Ecol. Evol.
ISSN (online)	2041-210X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecological Modelling

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