How to format your references using the Metals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Metals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rogers, K.C. Nuclear Research. The Past and Future of University Research Reactors. Science 2002, 295, 2217–2218.

A journal article with 2 authors

Balafoutas, L.; Sutter, M. Affirmative Action Policies Promote Women and Do Not Harm Efficiency in the Laboratory. Science 2012, 335, 579–582.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schieber, J.; Southard, J.; Thaisen, K. Accretion of Mudstone Beds from Migrating Floccule Ripples. Science 2007, 318, 1760–1763.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Noguera-Troise, I.; Daly, C.; Papadopoulos, N.J.; Coetzee, S.; Boland, P.; Gale, N.W.; Lin, H.C.; Yancopoulos, G.D.; Thurston, G. Blockade of Dll4 Inhibits Tumour Growth by Promoting Non-Productive Angiogenesis. Nature 2006, 444, 1032–1037.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous, A. Fracture Mechanics 2; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ USA, 2012; ISBN 9781118580028.

An edited book

Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks: Architectures and Protocols; Hossain, E., Ed.; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2009; ISBN 9780387097763.

A chapter in an edited book

Hannestad, J. Neuroimaging and Clinical Studies on Brain–Immune Interactions. In Neural-Immune Interactions in Brain Function and Alcohol Related Disorders; Cui, C., Grandison, L., Noronha, A., Eds.; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2013; pp. 95–132 ISBN 9781461447283.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Metals.

Blog post

Evans, K. 7 Weird Dog Behaviors And What They Mean Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/7-weird-dog-behaviors-and-what-they-mean/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Air Traffic Control: FAA Enhanced the Controller-in-Charge Program, but More Comprehensive Evaluation Is Needed; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2001;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cabrales, M. Gupta Rajpoot Scheme for Quark Flavor Mixing. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. Try a Cookie. Happiness Awaits. New York Times 2007, 14NJ13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Metals
Abbreviation	Metals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2075-4701
Scope