How to format your references using the Memory citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Memory. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Church, G. (2013). Improving genome understanding. Nature, 502(7470), 143.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aitken, R. J., & Marshall Graves, J. A. (2002). The future of sex. Nature, 415(6875), 963.

A journal article with 3 authors

Planutis, K., Planutiene, M., & Holcombe, R. F. (2014). A novel signaling pathway regulates colon cancer angiogenesis through Norrin. Scientific Reports, 4, 5630.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Xu, G., Cirilli, M., Huang, Y., Rich, R. L., Myszka, D. G., & Wu, H. (2001). Covalent inhibition revealed by the crystal structure of the caspase-8/p35 complex. Nature, 410(6827), 494–497.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levene, M. (2010). An Introduction to Search Engines and Web Navigation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fleischer, R., & Trippen, G. (Eds.). (2005). Algorithms and Computation: 15th International Symposium, ISAAC 2004, Hong Kong, China, December 20-22, 2004. Proceedings (Vol. 3341). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Moniuszko, A., & Patel, D. (2011). Practice Test #3: Difficulty Level – Hard. In D. Patel (Ed.), Nuclear Medicine Technology Study Guide: A Technologist’s Review for Passing Board Exams (pp. 159–240). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Memory.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, June 11). Fossilized Tracks Reveal How Ancient Sea Monsters Moved. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Federal Research Grants: Opportunities Remain for Agencies to Streamline Administrative Requirements (GAO-16-573). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker, B. R. (2012). Schizophrenia-spectrum behavior and peer responses to individuals with social anhedonia [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. (2009, May 7). Antiques Dealers Still Scoring Big Sales. New York Times, B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Church, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Aitken & Marshall Graves, 2002; Church, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aitken & Marshall Graves, 2002)
Three authors: (Planutis et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Xu et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Memory
Abbreviation	Memory
ISSN (print)	0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Psychology

Research and Writing Guides