How to format your references using the Memory citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Memory. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith, R. (2000). Making hard light sharper. Nature, 404(6776), 345, 347.

A journal article with 2 authors

Armstrong, F. A., & Fontecilla-Camps, J. C. (2008). Biochemistry. A natural choice for activating hydrogen. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5888), 498–499.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kimchi, T., Xu, J., & Dulac, C. (2007). A functional circuit underlying male sexual behaviour in the female mouse brain. Nature, 448(7157), 1009–1014.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

O’Brien, T. J., Bode, M. F., Porcas, R. W., Muxlow, T. W. B., Eyres, S. P. S., Beswick, R. J., Garrington, S. T., Davis, R. J., & Evans, A. (2006). An asymmetric shock wave in the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. Nature, 442(7100), 279–281.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Urick, V. J., Jr, Mckinney, J. D., & Williams, K. J. (2015). FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROWAVE PHOTONICS. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Patterson, M., & Hoalst-Pullen, N. (Eds.). (2014). The Geography of Beer: Regions, Environment, and Societies. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Macheleidt, W., Grischek, T., & Nestler, W. (2006). New Approaches for Estimating Streambed Infiltration Rates. In S. A. Hubbs (Ed.), Riverbank Filtration Hydrology: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Riverbank Filtration Hydrology Bratislava, Slovakia September 2004 (pp. 73–91). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Memory.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, March 15). Why Isn’t There A Real Life King Kong? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-isnt-there-a-real-life-king-kong/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Safe Routes to School: Progress in Implementing the Program, but a Comprehensive Plan to Evaluate Program Outcomes Is Needed (GAO-08-789). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Svarda, D. (2010). Man 2 Man [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J., & Kitsantonis, N. (2017, June 15). European Union Sets $9.5 Billion Agreement On Huge Greek Debt. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Armstrong & Fontecilla-Camps, 2008; Smith, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Armstrong & Fontecilla-Camps, 2008)
Three authors: (Kimchi et al., 2007)
6 or more authors: (O’Brien et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Memory
Abbreviation	Memory
ISSN (print)	0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Psychology