How to format your references using the Medicine Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sherrill, Bradley M. 2008. Physics. Designer atomic nuclei. Science (New York, N.Y.) 320: 751–752.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fan, Zhi-Qiang, and Ke-Qiu Chen. 2014. Stable two-dimensional conductance switch of polyaniline molecule connecting to graphene nanoribbons. Scientific reports 4: 5976.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kassen, Rees, Martin Llewellyn, and Paul B. Rainey. 2004. Ecological constraints on diversification in a model adaptive radiation. Nature 431: 984–988.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jessop, Philip G., David J. Heldebrant, Xiaowang Li, Charles A. Eckert, and Charles L. Liotta. 2005. Green chemistry: reversible nonpolar-to-polar solvent. Nature 436: 1102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Waine, Colin. 2008. Obesity and Weight Management in Primary Care. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd.

An edited book

Caspard, Nathalie. 2007. Ensembles ordonnés finis : concepts, résultats et usages. Edited by Bruno Leclerc and Bernard Monjardet. Vol. 60. Mathématiques Amp; Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, Nanny. 2011. Cultural Attitudes and Horse Technologies: A View on Chariots and Stirrups from the Eastern End of the Eurasian Continent. In Science between Europe and Asia: Historical Studies on the Transmission, Adoption and Adaptation of Knowledge, ed. Feza Günergun and Dhruv Raina, 57–73. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine Studies.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2017. Doomsday Clock Moves 30 Seconds Closer To Midnight. IFLScience. IFLScience. January 26.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2017. Surface Transportation: A Comprehensive Plan Could Facilitate Implementation of a National Performance Management Approach. GAO-17-638. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baugh, Joseph B. 2008. Deregulation and management strategies: A case study of Georgia System Operations Corporation. Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, John. 2017. Why Durant Wears 35. New York Times, April 7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sherrill 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Sherrill 2008; Fan and Chen 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fan and Chen 2014)
Three or more authors: (Jessop et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine Studies
Abbreviation	Med. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1876-4533
ISSN (online)	1876-4541
Scope	General Medicine