How to format your references using the Medicine Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ranganathan, Rama. 2007. Biochemistry. Signaling across the cell membrane. Science (New York, N.Y.) 318: 1253–1254.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peters, David H., and Gerald Bloom. 2012. Developing world: Bring order to unregulated health markets. Nature 487: 163–165.

A journal article with 3 authors

Heywood, Karen J., Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, and David P. Stevens. 2002. High mixing rates in the abyssal Southern Ocean. Nature 415: 1011–1014.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Yokouchi, Yoko, Masumi Ikeda, Yoko Inuzuka, and Tomohisa Yukawa. 2002. Strong emission of methyl chloride from tropical plants. Nature 416: 163–165.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bender, Herbert F. 2002. Das Gefahrstoffbuch. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Ng, Wee Siong, Beng-Chin Ooi, Aris M. Ouksel, and Claudio Sartori, ed. 2005. Databases, Information Systems, and Peer-to-Peer Computing: Second International Workshop, DBISP2P 2004, Toronto, Canada, August 29-30, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Vol. 3367. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Caraway, Yolanda H. 2016. Who Do I Run to? Finding a Mentor and Building Mentor Relationships. In 50 Billion Dollar Boss: African American Women Sharing Stories of Success in Entrepreneurship and Leadership, ed. Andrea Hoffman, 37–46. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2016. NASA Discovered Pumpkin Stars... Just in time for Halloween. IFLScience. IFLScience. October 28.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Freight Railroads: Preliminary Observations on Rates, Competition, and Capacity Issues. GAO-06-898T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ringberg, Jennifer Elise. 2012. Daily life at Cerro León, an Early Intermediate period highland settlement in the Moche Valley, Peru. Doctoral dissertation, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Detrick, Ben. 2017. Busy P Surveys the Paris Party Scene He Defined. New York Times, May 23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ranganathan 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Ranganathan 2007; Peters and Bloom 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Peters and Bloom 2012)
Three or more authors: (Yokouchi et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine Studies
Abbreviation	Med. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1876-4533
ISSN (online)	1876-4541
Scope	General Medicine