How to format your references using the Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pielke, Roger A., Sr. 2005. Atmospheric science. Land use and climate change. Science (New York, N.Y.) 310: 1625–1626.

A journal article with 2 authors

Russell, E. V., and N. E. Israeloff. 2000. Direct observation of molecular cooperativity near the glass transition. Nature 408: 695–698.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tellinghuisen, Timothy L., Joseph Marcotrigiano, and Charles M. Rice. 2005. Structure of the zinc-binding domain of an essential component of the hepatitis C virus replicase. Nature 435: 374–379.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Feng, Youzhi, Xiangui Lin, Yongchang Yu, Huayong Zhang, Haiyan Chu, and Jianguo Zhu. 2013. Elevated ground-level O3 negatively influences paddy methanogenic archaeal community. Scientific reports 3: 3193.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous, Ammar. 2012. Fracture Mechanics 2. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Grueau, Cédric, and Jorge Gustavo Rocha, ed. 2016. Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management: First International Conference, GISTAM 2015, Barcelona, Spain, April 28-30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. 1st ed. 2016. Vol. 582. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Rañó, Iñaki, and Jean-Stephane Jokeit. 2012. A Wandering Braitenberg Vehicle 2b That Densely Covers a Bounded Workspace. In Advances in Autonomous Robotics: Joint Proceedings of the 13th Annual TAROS Conference and the 15th Annual FIRA RoboWorld Congress, Bristol, UK, August 20-23, 2012, ed. Guido Herrmann, Matthew Studley, Martin Pearson, Andrew Conn, Chris Melhuish, Mark Witkowski, Jong-Hwan Kim, and Prahlad Vadakkepat, 37–48. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. Bionic Plants: Turning Plants Into Energy Producing Factories. IFLScience. IFLScience. March 17.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. K-12 Education: School-Based Physical Education and Sports Programs. GAO-12-350. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carter, Kimberly Ellen. 2009. The use of boron-doped diamond film electrodes for the oxidative degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate and trichloroethylene. Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, John, Serge F. Kovaleski, and Sabrina Tavernise. 2017. Gunman Methodically Chased Gambling’s Highs. New York Times, October 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pielke 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Russell and Israeloff 2000; Pielke 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Russell and Israeloff 2000)
Three or more authors: (Feng et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
Abbreviation	Med. Health Care Philos.
ISSN (print)	1386-7423
ISSN (online)	1572-8633
Scope	Health Policy Education Health(social science)