How to format your references using the Diagnostic Cytopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diagnostic Cytopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lloyd S. Going into reverse. Nature. 2004 Aug 26;430(7003):971.

A journal article with 2 authors

Greaves M, Maley CC. Clonal evolution in cancer. Nature. 2012 Jan 18;481(7381):306–13.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gravina B, Mellars P, Ramsey CB. Radiocarbon dating of interstratified Neanderthal and early modern human occupations at the Chatelperronian type-site. Nature. 2005 Nov 3;438(7064):51–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jo J, Hong S, Choi WY, Lee DR. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated proteins is an efficient tool for manipulation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep. 2014 Mar 14;4:4378.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Safari M, Ariff M, Mohamad S. Sukuk Securities. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Omar HA. Time Division Multiple Access For Vehicular Communications. Zhuang W, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XVII, 60 p. 35 illus. (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science).

A chapter in an edited book

Liang JZ, Corso N, Turner E, Zakhor A. Image-Based Positioning of Mobile Devices in Indoor Environments. In: Choi J, Friedland G, editors. Multimodal Location Estimation of Videos and Images. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 85–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diagnostic Cytopathology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Why Cheaters Don’t Prosper [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/slime-moulds-reveal-why-cheating-often-fails/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Wireless Radio Services--Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Nov. Report No.: OGC-00-8.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hemschik TK. Course designs, instructional strategies, and support systems in K–8 online education: A case study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Scouting Report. New York Times. 2010 Apr 29;E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diagnostic Cytopathology
Abbreviation	Diagn. Cytopathol.
ISSN (print)	8755-1039
ISSN (online)	1097-0339
Scope	General Medicine Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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