How to format your references using the Medicina Fluminensis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicina Fluminensis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reynolds CR. The evolution of sensibility. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):316–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kumar K, Yang EH. On the growth mode of two-lobed curvilinear graphene domains at atmospheric pressure. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2571.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaufman YJ, Tanré D, Boucher O. A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system. Nature. 2002 Sep 12;419(6903):215–23.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bachilo SM, Strano MS, Kittrell C, Hauge RH, Smalley RE, Weisman RB. Structure-assigned optical spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2361–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leddra M. Time Matters. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Rogato A, Zazzu V, Guarracino M, editors. Dynamics of Mathematical Models in Biology: Bringing Mathematics to Life. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XIII, 148 p. 34 illus., 29 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Onorati T, Aedo I, Romano M, Díaz P. EmergenSYS: Mobile Technologies as Support for Emergency Management. In: Caporarello L, Di Martino B, Martinez M, editors. Smart Organizations and Smart Artifacts: Fostering Interaction Between People, Technologies and Processes. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 37–45. (Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicina Fluminensis.

Blog post

Andrew E. Can Zoos Save The World? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/can-zoos-save-world/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Opportunities for Oversight and Improved Use of Taxpayer Funds: Examples from Selected GAO Work. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Aug. Report No.: GAO-03-1006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith KM. Meanings of “design” in instructional technology: A conceptual analysis based on the field’s foundational literature [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker L. The Zoning Policy That Worked Too Well. New York Times. 2007 Jan 17;C10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicina Fluminensis
Abbreviation	Med. Flum.
ISSN (print)	0025-7729
Scope	General Medicine