How to format your references using the Medical Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

T.M.L. Wigley, The climate change commitment, Science 307(5716), 1766–1769 (2005).

A journal article with 2 authors

C. Khosla and P.B. Harbury, Modular enzymes, Nature 409(6817), 247–252 (2001).

A journal article with 3 authors

S. Helle, V. Lummaa, and J. Jokela, Sons reduced maternal longevity in preindustrial humans, Science 296(5570), 1085 (2002).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

R. Yan, D. Xu, J. Yang, S. Walker, and Y. Zhang, A comparative assessment and analysis of 20 representative sequence alignment methods for protein structure prediction, Sci. Rep. 3, 2619 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

C. Camman, C. Fiore, L. Livolsi, and P. Querro, Supply Chain Management and Business Performance (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2017).

An edited book

X. Shi and Y. Chen (eds.), Machine Translation: 10th China Workshop, CWMT 2014, Macau, China, November 4-6, 2014. Proceedings (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014).

A chapter in an edited book

V. Prain and R. Tytler, Learning through the Affordances of Representation Construction, in Constructing Representations to Learn in Science, edited by R. Tytler, V. Prain, P. Hubber and B. Waldrip (SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2013), pp. 67–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Physics.

Blog post

J. O`Callaghan, A Schoolboy In The UK Pointed Out An Error To NASA On The ISS, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Marine Transportation: Federal Financing and a Framework for Infrastructure Investments (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

S.R. Reese, Transitioning to the oboe: Methods and resources to assist in switching to the oboe from other woodwind instruments (Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. Leland, Comrades of the Sky, New York Times MB8 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^{1, 2}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Physics
Abbreviation	Med. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0094-2405
Scope	General Medicine