How to format your references using the Fertility Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fertility Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Wood J. Obituary: Alastair Cameron (1925-2005). Nature. 2005;438:752.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Langer R, Tirrell DA. Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature. 2004;428:487–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Nazir S, Amin B, Schwingenschlögl U. Suppression of the two-dimensional electron gas in LaGaO3/SrTiO3 by cation intermixing. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3409.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Prochnik SE, Umen J, Nedelcu AM, Hallmann A, Miller SM, Nishii I, et al. Genomic analysis of organismal complexity in the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri. Science. 2010;329:223–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lalanne C. Sinusoidal Vibration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Göransson B, Brundenius C, editors. L’université en transition: L’évolution de son rôle et des défis à relever. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Filos E. ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing: A European Perspective. In: Ortiz Á, Franco RD, Gasquet PG, editors. Balanced Automation Systems for Future Manufacturing Networks: 9th IFIP WG 55 International Conference, BASYS 2010, Valencia, Spain, July 21-23, 2010 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 28–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fertility Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Pygmy-Possums In Hibernation Can Sense Danger From Fires [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pygmypossums-in-hibernation-can-sense-danger-from-fires/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Census Bureau Needs to Improve Its Risk Management of Decennial Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007 Oct. Report No.: GAO-08-79.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sidwell MD. Indirect measures as predictors of social skills observed through means of direct observation [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Poniewozik J. A Divide Refracted in Blue, Black and White. New York Times. 2017 Mar 21;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fertility Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Fertil. Res. Pract.
ISSN (online)	2054-7099
Scope

Research and Writing Guides