How to format your references using the Fertility Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fertility Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Joiner S. OPTICS: The Internet of Tomorrow. Science. 2000;290:1907–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chen MS, Goodman DW. The structure of catalytically active gold on titania. Science. 2004;306:252–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li A, Wu B, Wang L. Cooperation with both synergistic and local interactions can be worse than each alone. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5536.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zheng B, Ma YC, Ostrom RS, Lavoie C, Gill GN, Insel PA, et al. RGS-PX1, a GAP for GalphaS and sorting nexin in vesicular trafficking. Science. 2001;294:1939–42.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Biegelman MT. Faces of Fraud. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Froitzheim N, Schmid SM, editors. Orogenic Processes in the Alpine Collision Zone. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Zheng R, Hua C. Adversarial Multi-armed Bandit. In: Hua C, editor. Sequential Learning and Decision-Making in Wireless Resource Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 41–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fertility Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Five Reasons Bats Really Are Scary, and One Why They Aren’t. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Relationship of Contractor and Grantee ADP Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971 May. Report No.: 092981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Whitesides VJ. The Large Ensemble/European Classical Music Paradigm and African American-Originated Dance-Musicking: A Dispositival Analysis of U.S. Secondary Music Education [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. The Caged Beast Awakens. New York Times. 2017 Apr 1;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fertility Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Fertil. Res. Pract.
ISSN (online)	2054-7099
Scope

Research and Writing Guides