How to format your references using the Medical Photonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Photonics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fara, P., 2003. Perceptions of science. Face values: how portraits win friends and influence people. Science 299, 831–832.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rappuoli, R., Aderem, A., 2011. A 2020 vision for vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Nature 473, 463–469.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jewitt, D., Aussel, H., Evans, A., 2001. The size and albedo of the Kuiper-belt object (20000) Varuna. Nature 411, 446–447.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Godoy, R., Wilkie, D., Overman, H., Cubas, A., Cubas, G., Demmer, J., McSweeney, K., Brokaw, N., 2000. Valuation of consumption and sale of forest goods from a Central American rain forest. Nature 406, 62–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chandru, V., Hooker, J., 1999. Optimization Methods for Logical Inference. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Leeuwen, J.P.V., Timmermans, H.J.P. (Eds.), 2006. Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Tristão, J.C., Silva, A.A., Ardisson, J.D., Lago, R.M., 2009. Magnetic nanoparticles based on iron coated carbon produced from the reaction of Fe2O3 with CH4: a Mössbauer study, in: Desimoni, J., Ramos, C.P., Arcondo, B., Saccone, F.D., Mercader, R.C. (Eds.), LACAME 2008: Proceedings of the 11th Latin American Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect, (LACAME 2006) Held in La Plata, 9-14 November 2008. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 21–25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Photonics.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2015. What Does a Nuclear Explosion in Space Look Like? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1981. Major Science and Technology Issues (No. PAD-81-35). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shina, Y.E., 2013. Youth under the care of the child welfare and juvenile justice systems: A grant proposal for crossover youth (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess, B., 2017. Corzine and Regulators Settle in MF Global Case. New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fara, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Fara, 2003; Rappuoli and Aderem, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rappuoli and Aderem, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Godoy et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Photonics
ISSN (print)	2213-8846
Scope