How to format your references using the Medical Photonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Photonics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ransohoff, R.M., 2014. Physiology. Good barriers make good neighbors. Science 346, 36–37.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schaefer, B.E., Pagnotta, A., 2012. An absence of ex-companion stars in the type Ia supernova remnant SNR 0509-67.5. Nature 481, 164–166.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tong, S., Meagher, S., Vollenhoven, B., 2002. Sonography: dizygotic twin survival in early pregnancy. Nature 416, 142.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Johnson, Z.I., Zinser, E.R., Coe, A., McNulty, N.P., Woodward, E.M.S., Chisholm, S.W., 2006. Niche partitioning among Prochlorococcus ecotypes along ocean-scale environmental gradients. Science 311, 1737–1740.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tolin, D.F., Worden, B.L., Wootton, B.M., Gilliam, C.M., 2017. CBT for Hoarding Disorder. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Hanazawa, A., Miki, T., Horio, K. (Eds.), 2010. Brain-Inspired Information Technology, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Gonzalez, D., Elias, M., Chabrière, E., 2014. The DING Family of Phosphate Binding Proteins in Inflammatory Diseases, in: Camps, J. (Ed.), Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-Communicable Diseases - Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 27–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Photonics.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. First Ever Archaic Human Jawbone Discovered in Taiwan [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2011. On-the-Job Training: Federal Highway Administration Needs to Strengthen Program Assessment (No. GAO-11-703). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Randall, R., 2009. Department of Children and Family Services workers’ knowledge of childhood obesity and services for obese children (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Peters, J.F., Nikas, J., Lyons, E., 2017. Youth in San Diego: Skateboards, Beach Hangs and Chicano Culture. New York Times ST4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ransohoff, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Ransohoff, 2014; Schaefer and Pagnotta, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schaefer and Pagnotta, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Johnson et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Photonics
ISSN (print)	2213-8846
Scope