How to format your references using the Medical Microbiology and Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Microbiology and Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watzman H (2000) Israel debates raising commitment to CERN. European Laboratory for Particle Physics. Nature 405:109

A journal article with 2 authors

Pollard PJ, Ratcliffe PJ (2009) Cancer. Puzzling patterns of predisposition. Science 324:192–194

A journal article with 3 authors

Pearson PD, Moje E, Greenleaf C (2010) Literacy and science: each in the service of the other. Science 328:459–463

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu F, Tang C, Zhan P, et al (2014) Released plasmonic electric field of ultrathin tetrahedral-amorphous-carbon films coated Ag nanoparticles for SERS. Sci Rep 4:4494

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Segura J, Hawkins CF (2005) CMOS Electronics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Schmidt B (2013) Ion Beams in Materials Processing and Analysis. Springer, Vienna

A chapter in an edited book

Stanford D, Lowery D, Jodry M, et al (2014) New Evidence for a Possible Paleolithic Occupation of the Eastern North American Continental Shelf at the Last Glacial Maximum. In: Evans AM, Flatman JC, Flemming NC (eds) Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf: A Global Review. Springer, New York, NY, pp 73–93

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Microbiology and Immunology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Get Ready For The Latest Gravitational Wave Search. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/search-gravitational-waves/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Distance Learning: Opportunities Exist for DOD to Capitalize on Services’ Efforts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Browning A (2012) An electronic on-board recorder for intermodal drayage operations. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2016) The View From the Back Row. New York Times D7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Abbreviation	Med. Microbiol. Immunol.
ISSN (print)	0300-8584
ISSN (online)	1432-1831
Scope	Immunology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Microbiology (medical)