How to format your references using the Medical Microbiology and Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Microbiology and Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schimel DS (2010) Climate. Drylands in the Earth system. Science 327:418–419

A journal article with 2 authors

Luo Z-X, Wible JR (2005) A Late Jurassic digging mammal and early mammalian diversification. Science 308:103–107

A journal article with 3 authors

Nahm H-H, Park CH, Kim Y-S (2014) Bistability of hydrogen in ZnO: origin of doping limit and persistent photoconductivity. Sci Rep 4:4124

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gray JE, Holroyd GH, van der Lee FM, et al (2000) The HIC signalling pathway links CO2 perception to stomatal development. Nature 408:713–716

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang S-L (2012) Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in Nanostructures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Sun F, Toh K-A, Romay MG, Mao K (2014) Extreme Learning Machines 2013: Algorithms and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Blake GM (2010) The Clinical Role of Bone Density Scans in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis. In: Adler RA (ed) Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 77–95

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Microbiology and Immunology.

Blog post

Carpineti C (2017) New Dead Sea Scrolls Cave Discovered In Israel. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/new-dead-sea-scrolls-cave-discovered-in-israel/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Space Station: Cost Control Difficulties Continue. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yu G (2013) Religious/spiritual beliefs and practices of Asian/Asian American mental health professionals & students and the impact on treatment. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) A Nation Born of Sniping, Squabbling and Deadlock: Helloo? New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Abbreviation	Med. Microbiol. Immunol.
ISSN (print)	0300-8584
ISSN (online)	1432-1831
Scope	Immunology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Microbiology (medical)