How to format your references using the Medical Image Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Image Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kazilek, C., 2010. SPORE series winner. Got a question? “Ask A Biologist.” Science 330, 1192–1193.

A journal article with 2 authors

Simpson, G.G., Dean, C., 2002. Arabidopsis, the Rosetta stone of flowering time? Science 296, 285–289.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kreiman, G., Koch, C., Fried, I., 2000. Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature 408, 357–361.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Benabid, F., Knight, J.C., Antonopoulos, G., Russell, P.S.J., 2002. Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Science 298, 399–402.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hanby, M., 2013. No God, No Science? Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford.

An edited book

Liu, B., Ma, M., Chang, J. (Eds.), 2012. Information Computing and Applications: Third International Conference, ICICA 2012, Chengde, China, September 14-16, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Gueguen, G., Isckia, T., 2009. The Borders of Mobile Handset Ecosystems: Is Coopetition Inevitable?, in: Hesselman, C., Giannelli, C. (Eds.), Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications - Workshops: Mobilware 2009 Workshops, Berlin, Germany, April 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Image Analysis.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. Dogs Decipher Cues From Other Dogs’ Barks [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dogs-decipher-cues-other-dogs-barks/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2010. Public Transportation: Transit Agencies’ Actions to Address Increased Ridership Demand and Options to Help Meet Future Demand (No. GAO-11-94). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell, J.E., 2013. Menasha Litigation: Wake-Up Call or Just A False Alarm (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M., 1992. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Hometown; Perot Isn’t Necessarily Texarkana’s Favorite Son. New York Times 128.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kazilek, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Kazilek, 2010; Simpson and Dean, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Simpson and Dean, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Benabid et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Image Analysis
Abbreviation	Med. Image Anal.
ISSN (print)	1361-8415
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology