How to format your references using the Medical Image Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Image Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Larson, E.J., 2011. Antarctica: Turning the world upside down. Nature 480, 29–31.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hunt, J.H., Amdam, G.V., 2005. Bivoltinism as an antecedent to eusociality in the paper wasp genus Polistes. Science 308, 264–267.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jia, S., Noma, K.-I., Grewal, S.I.S., 2004. RNAi-independent heterochromatin nucleation by the stress-activated ATF/CREB family proteins. Science 304, 1971–1976.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Scott, J.J., Oh, D.-C., Yuceer, M.C., Klepzig, K.D., Clardy, J., Currie, C.R., 2008. Bacterial protection of beetle-fungus mutualism. Science 322, 63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Unmehopa, M., Vemuri, K., Bennett, A., 2006. Parlay/OSA. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Valenta, R., Coffman, R.L. (Eds.), 2011. Vaccines against Allergies, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

McGonagle, J.J., Vella, C.M., 2012. Figuring Out What You Really Need to Know, in: Vella, C.M. (Ed.), Proactive Intelligence: The Successful Executive’s Guide to Intelligence. Springer, London, pp. 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Image Analysis.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Europa Is Even More Similar To Earth Than We Thought [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/europa-s-oceans-could-be-chemically-similar-earth-s-own/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Unemployment Insurance Information Technology: States Face Challenges in Modernization Efforts (No. GAO-13-859T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Murdock, M., 2010. Memoir as contemporary myth (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman, W., 2014. A Hammer Comes Down on an Honor for Britain. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Larson, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Hunt and Amdam, 2005; Larson, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hunt and Amdam, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Scott et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Image Analysis
Abbreviation	Med. Image Anal.
ISSN (print)	1361-8415
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology