How to format your references using the Medical Image Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Image Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koen, D., 2004. Nuts and bolts. Passing the interview. Nature 429, 112.

A journal article with 2 authors

Haigo, S.L., Bilder, D., 2011. Global tissue revolutions in a morphogenetic movement controlling elongation. Science 331, 1071–1074.

A journal article with 3 authors

McDonald, J.J., Teder-Sälejärvi, W.A., Ward, L.M., 2001. Multisensory integration and crossmodal attention effects in the human brain. Science 292, 1791.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fuchs, F., Soltamov, V.A., Väth, S., Baranov, P.G., Mokhov, E.N., Astakhov, G.V., Dyakonov, V., 2013. Silicon carbide light-emitting diode as a prospective room temperature source for single photons. Sci. Rep. 3, 1637.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kushner, R., Lawrence, V., Kumar, S., 2013. Practical Manual of Clinical Obesity. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford.

An edited book

Sakama, C., Sardina, S., Vasconcelos, W., Winikoff, M. (Eds.), 2012. Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies IX: 9th International Workshop, DALT 2011, Taipei, Taiwan, May 3, 2011, Revised Selected and Invited Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Ducros, A., 2015. Cohomological Finiteness of Proper Morphisms in Algebraic Geometry: A Purely Transcendental Proof, Without Projective Tools, in: Ducros, A., Favre, C., Nicaise, J. (Eds.), Berkovich Spaces and Applications, Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 135–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Image Analysis.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Watch A Bowling Ball And Feather Falling In A Vacuum [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/dropping-bowling-ball-and-feather-vacuum/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. IRS Systems Security and Funding: Additional Information on Employee Browsing and Tax Systems Modernization (No. AIMD/GGD-97-140R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhong, A., 2017. Product Development Considerations for a Nutrient Rich Bar Using Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Protein (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by, 2006. Arts, Briefly; A New Festival in Moscow. New York Times B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koen, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Haigo and Bilder, 2011; Koen, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Haigo and Bilder, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Fuchs et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Image Analysis
Abbreviation	Med. Image Anal.
ISSN (print)	1361-8415
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology