How to format your references using the Marine Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Marine Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Macilwain C. Scientists vs engineers: this time it’s financial. Nature 2010;467:885.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hibbs RE, Gouaux E. Principles of activation and permeation in an anion-selective Cys-loop receptor. Nature 2011;474:54–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Dietl GP, Herbert GS, Vermeij GJ. Reduced competition and altered feeding behavior among marine snails after a mass extinction. Science 2004;306:2229–31.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ohya T, Miaczynska M, Coskun U, Lommer B, Runge A, Drechsel D, et al. Reconstitution of Rab- and SNARE-dependent membrane fusion by synthetic endosomes. Nature 2009;459:1091–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Eales L-J. Immunology for Life Scientists. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Li J, Zlatanova S, Fabbri AG, editors. Geomatics Solutions for Disaster Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Seregni E, Coli A, Mazzuca N. Circulating Tumour Markers in Breast Cancer. In: Bombardieri E, Gianni L, Bonadonna G, editors. Breast Cancer: Nuclear Medicine in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Options, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 33–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Marine Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Antiviral Shows Potential Against Ebola. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Planning: Agencies Are Attempting to Expedite Environmental Reviews, but Barriers Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lieberman DS. “Stroke Your Thoroughbreds and Kick Your Donkeys”: Power and the Secondary Administrative Distribution of Teaching Assignments. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Koblin J. TV in the Age of Trump. New York Times 2017:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Marine Structures
Abbreviation	Mar. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0951-8339
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Ocean Engineering General Materials Science