How to format your references using the Arctic citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Plasterk, R.H.A. 2002. RNA silencing: the genome’s immune system. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296(5571):1263–1265.

A journal article with 2 authors

de Wit, J., and Seager, S. 2013. Constraining exoplanet mass from transmission spectroscopy. Science (New York, N.Y.) 342(6165):1473–1477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Morewedge, C.K., Huh, Y.E., and Vosgerau, J. 2010. Thought for food: imagined consumption reduces actual consumption. Science (New York, N.Y.) 330(6010):1530–1533.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhang, C., Koepke, J., Kirchner, C., Götze, N., and Behrens, H. 2014. Rapid hydrothermal cooling above the axial melt lens at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge. Scientific Reports 4:6342.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tolinski, M. 2011. Plastics and Sustainability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Agarwal, V.V. 2008. Beginning C# 2008 Databases: From Novice to Professional. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Blumenfeld, H. 2014. What Is a Seizure Network? Long-Range Network Consequences of Focal Seizures. In: Scharfman, H.E., and Buckmaster, P.S., eds., Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 63–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2016. Millions Of Black Holes Might Be Hiding In The Milky Way., IFLScience.

URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/millions-of-black-holes-might-be-hiding-in-the-milky-way/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. Additional Costs to Government: Reflagging Kuwaiti Ships and Protecting Them in the Persian Gulf. No. NSIAD-88-9FS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holloway, L.R. 2013. Synthesis and investigation of novel dinitrosyl-Iron complexes of chelated Bis-phosphine ligands: Potential nitric oxide delivery compounds. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, T., and Fernandez, M. 2016. Victim Posed No Threat to Police, Family Says., New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Plasterk, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Plasterk, 2002; de Wit and Seager, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (de Wit and Seager, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic
ISSN (print)	0004-0843
ISSN (online)	1923-1245
Scope