How to format your references using the Marine Mammal Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Marine Mammal Science (MMS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Erez, N. (2015). Cancer: Opening LOX to metastasis. Nature, 522(7554), 41–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wookey, J., & Helffrich, G. (2008). Inner-core shear-wave anisotropy and texture from an observation of PKJKP waves. Nature, 454(7206), 873–876.

A journal article with 3 authors

Horsewill, A. J., Jones, N. H., & Caciuffo, R. (2001). Evidence for coherent proton tunneling in a hydrogen bond network. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5501), 100–103.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Moisan, N., Malinowski, G., Mauchain, J., Hehn, M., Vodungbo, B., Lüning, J., … Thiaville, A. (2014). Investigating the role of superdiffusive currents in laser induced demagnetization of ferromagnets with nanoscale magnetic domains. Scientific Reports, 4, 4658.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Piegorsch, W. W., & Bailer, A. J. (2005). Analyzing Environmental Data. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Dilek, Y., and Furnes, H. (Eds.). (2014). Evolution of Archean Crust and Early Life. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Sano, Y., & Kanda, T. (2016). Blood–Brain Barrier and Blood–Nerve Barrier. In S. Kusunoki (Ed.), Neuroimmunological Diseases (pp. 55–69). Tokyo: Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Marine Mammal Science.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, May 30). Gene-Editing Technique CRISPR-Cas9 May Be Causing Hundreds Of Genetic Mutations. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/geneediting-technique-crisprcas9-may-be-causing-hundreds-of-genetic-mutations/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Transportation Infrastructure: Supplemental Information on the Federal Highway Administration’s Project Selection Process for Five Discretionary Programs (No. RCED-98-179R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lara, C. (2015). Bullying victimization among adolescent students: A qualitative study (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. (2006, May 13). Arts, Briefly; A New Festival in Moscow. New York Times, p. B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Erez, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Erez, 2015; Wookey and Helffrich, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wookey and Helffrich, 2008)
Three authors: (Horsewill, Jones, and Caciuffo, 2001)
6 or more authors: (Moisan et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Marine Mammal Science
ISSN (print)	0824-0469
ISSN (online)	1748-7692
Scope