How to format your references using the Manufacturing Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Manufacturing Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wadman M. Copycat consolidation. Nature 2007;449:393.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Roth MS, Deheyn DD. Effects of cold stress and heat stress on coral fluorescence in reef-building corals. Sci Rep 2013;3:1421.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ungless MA, Magill PJ, Bolam JP. Uniform inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area by aversive stimuli. Science 2004;303:2040–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Tang ZK, Zhang L, Wang N, Zhang XX, Wen GH, Li GD, et al. Superconductivity in 4 angstrom single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 2001;292:2462–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Schulze V. Modern Mechanical Surface Treatment. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Klippel JH, Stone JH, Crofford LJ, White PH, editors. The Pocket Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. Second Edition. London: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Alper AB. Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy: Hemodynamic Alterations/Renin Angiotensin System. In: Lerma EV, Batuman V, editors. Diabetes and Kidney Disease, New York, NY: Springer; 2014, p. 29–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Manufacturing Letters.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. “Chemical Gardens” On The Seafloor May Have Provided The Spark For Life On Earth. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/chemical-gardens-sea-floor-may-have-provided-spark-life-earth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: HUD Needs to Strengthen Its Capacity to Manage and Modernize Its Environment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Morton WG. Isolating mycorrhizal fungi from Spiranthes vernalis for subsequent in vitro seed germination. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Yablonsky L. Coast Garde. New York Times 2011:M224.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Manufacturing Letters
Abbreviation	Manuf. Lett.
ISSN (print)	2213-8463
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanics of Materials