How to format your references using the Manufacturing Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Manufacturing Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ehrenreich H. Medicine. A boost for translational neuroscience. Science 2004;305:184–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Palmer TN, Räisänen J. Quantifying the risk of extreme seasonal precipitation events in a changing climate. Nature 2002;415:512–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Griffin BM, Schott J, Schink B. Nitrite, an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis. Science 2007;316:1870.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Arneth A, Unger N, Kulmala M, Andreae MO. Atmospheric science. Clean the air, heat the planet? Science 2009;326:672–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sato T, Kammen DM, Duan B, Macuha M, Zhou Z, Wu J, et al. Smart Grid Standards. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Doherty G, Blandford A, editors. Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification: 13th International Workshop, DSVIS 2006, Dublin, Ireland, July 26-28, 2006. Revised Papers. vol. 4323. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hagemann TM, Lewis TV. Iron as a Drug and Drug–Drug Interactions. In: Yehuda S, Mostofsky DI, editors. Iron Deficiency and Overload: From Basic Biology to Clinical Medicine, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010, p. 77–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Manufacturing Letters.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. How Earth’s Atmosphere Once Looked Like Saturn’s Moon Titan. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-earths-atmosphere-once-looked-like-saturns-moon-titan/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Comments on Claim Against Mississippi for Disallowed Educational Grant Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Torres MF. The effect of mergers and acquisitions in the information technology organizational structures. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Otis J. In Debt, but Undaunted, a Mother Finds Her Home. New York Times 2016:A28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Manufacturing Letters
Abbreviation	Manuf. Lett.
ISSN (print)	2213-8463
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanics of Materials