How to format your references using the Mammal Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mammal Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Martienssen R (2010) Molecular biology. Small RNA makes its move. Science 328:834–835

A journal article with 2 authors

Conway G, Toenniessen G (2003) Agriculture. Science for African food security. Science 299:1187–1188

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang W, Birk FT, Davidović D (2013) Effects of confinement and electron transport on magnetic switching in single Co nanoparticles. Sci Rep 3:1200

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhao Y-Y, Inoue A, Chang C, et al (2014) Composition effect on intrinsic plasticity or brittleness in metallic glasses. Sci Rep 4:5733

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smeets R, der Sluis L van, Kapetanović M, et al (2014) Switching in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Bonino S (ed) (2013) Aspetti psicologici nella sclerosi multipla: Dalla diagnosi alla gestione della malattia. Springer, Milano

A chapter in an edited book

Dixon JC (2009) Aridic Soils, Patterned Ground, and Desert Pavements. In: Parsons AJ, Abrahams AD (eds) Geomorphology of Desert Environments. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 101–122

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mammal Research.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Memory And Attention Are Affected By Much Lower Levels Of Dehydration Than Previously Thought. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/memory-and-attention-are-affected-by-much-lower-levels-of-dehydration-than-previously-thought/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Acquisition Reform: NASA’s Internet Service Improves Access to Contracting Information. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hertzman R (2013) Yemen’s migrant networks as critical factor in political opposition to the Imamate. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) A Rowdy Club Closes, and the Sleepless Rest Easy. New York Times 146

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Martienssen 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Conway and Toenniessen 2003; Martienssen 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Conway and Toenniessen 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mammal Research
Abbreviation	Mamm. Res.
ISSN (print)	2199-2401
ISSN (online)	2199-241X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics