How to format your references using the Machine Translation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Translation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sutherland WJ (2003) Parallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages and species. Nature 423:276–279

A journal article with 2 authors

Parker AR, Lawrence CR (2001) Water capture by a desert beetle. Nature 414:33–34

A journal article with 3 authors

Mizutani A, Chahl JS, Srinivasan MV (2003) Insect behaviour: Motion camouflage in dragonflies. Nature 423:604

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lee CS, Friedman JR, Fulmer JT, Kaestner KH (2005) The initiation of liver development is dependent on Foxa transcription factors. Nature 435:944–947

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levitin V (2005) High Temperature Strain of Metals and Alloys. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Badrignans B, Danger JL, Fischer V, et al (eds) (2011) Security Trends for FPGAS: From Secured to Secure Reconfigurable Systems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Lopes A, Oliveira S, Fragoso M, et al (2009) Wind Risk Assessment in Urban Environments: The Case of Falling Trees During Windstorm Events in Lisbon. In: Střelcová K, Mátyás C, Kleidon A, et al. (eds) Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 55–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Translation.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Watch Hundreds Of Sharks In A Feeding Frenzy. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hundred-sharks-feeding-frenzy/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1972) Vocational Training Contracts Awarded to Engineering Drafting School, Inc., Denver, Colorado. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bai H (2017) Cognitive processes of prioritization in multitasking. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rosen J (2012) Who Do They Think You Are? New York Times MM40

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sutherland 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Parker and Lawrence 2001; Sutherland 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Parker and Lawrence 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Translation
Abbreviation	Mach. Transl.
ISSN (print)	0922-6567
ISSN (online)	1573-0573
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Software Linguistics and Language