How to format your references using the Machine Translation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Translation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Milonni PW (2000) Quantum decay. A watched pot boils quicker. Nature 405:525, 527

A journal article with 2 authors

Lindvall O, Kokaia Z (2006) Stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nature 441:1094–1096

A journal article with 3 authors

Dial KP, Jackson BE, Segre P (2008) A fundamental avian wing-stroke provides a new perspective on the evolution of flight. Nature 451:985–989

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Carlsbecker A, Lee J-Y, Roberts CJ, et al (2010) Cell signalling by microRNA165/6 directs gene dose-dependent root cell fate. Nature 465:316–321

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva LS, Simões R, Gervásio H (2012) Design of Steel Structures. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany

An edited book

Parker S (ed) (2007) The Life Cycle of Entrepreneurial Ventures. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Ghosh S, Bachhar T, Maiti NS, et al (2010) Theory and Application of Equal Length Cycle Cellular Automata (ELCCA) for Enzyme Classification. In: Bandini S, Manzoni S, Umeo H, Vizzari G (eds) Cellular Automata: 9th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2010, Ascoli Piceno, Italy, September 21-24, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 46–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Translation.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Scientists May Have Finally Figured Out Who Is The Best Superhero. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientists-may-have-finally-figured-out-who-is-the-best-superhero/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Electronic Government: National Archives and Records Administration’s Fiscal Year 2011 Expenditure Plan. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarter KM (2008) The effect of auditory stimulation on learners with different learning styles. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2011) Animal-Free and Sermon-Free. New York Times NJ10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Milonni 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Milonni 2000; Lindvall and Kokaia 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lindvall and Kokaia 2006)
Three or more authors: (Carlsbecker et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Translation
Abbreviation	Mach. Transl.
ISSN (print)	0922-6567
ISSN (online)	1573-0573
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Software Linguistics and Language