How to format your references using the Lung citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lung. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Forde A (2005) The class of 2005. Norway: a neuroscientist making connections. Science 310:521

A journal article with 2 authors

Felfly H, Klein OD (2013) Sprouty genes regulate proliferation and survival of human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 3:2277

A journal article with 3 authors

Pobbati AV, Stein A, Fasshauer D (2006) N- to C-terminal SNARE complex assembly promotes rapid membrane fusion. Science 313:673–676

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Marshall JC, Acuña V, Allen DC, et al (2018) Protecting U.S. temporary waterways. Science 361:856–857

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Early WF II (2010) Contractor and Client Relations to Assure Process Safety. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Magedanz T, Gavras A, Thanh NH, Chase JS (2011) Testbeds and Research Infrastructures. Development of Networks and Communities: 6th International ICST Conference, TridentCom 2010, Berlin, Germany, May 18-20, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Djorgovski SG, Mahabal A, Drake A, et al (2013) Sky Surveys. In: Oswalt TD, Bond HE (eds) Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Volume 2: Astronomical Techniques, Software, and Data. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 223–281

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lung.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Ocean “Dead Zones” Are Spreading – And That Spells Disaster For Fish. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ocean-dead-zones-are-spreading-and-spells-disaster-fish/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Law Enforcement: Information on the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Gang Reporting, Evaluation, and Tracking System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richey B (2014) Exploration of a Tandem Diels-Alder Ugi-Smiles Reaction. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Risen J, Fink S, Savage C (2017) State Secrets Privilege Invoked to Block Testimony in C.I.A. Torture Case. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Lung
Abbreviation	Lung
ISSN (print)	0341-2040
ISSN (online)	1432-1750
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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