How to format your references using the Lung citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lung. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2015) And the winner is: not science. Nature 518:139

A journal article with 2 authors

Chander R, Mervis J (2001) The bottom line for U.S. life scientists. Science 294:395

A journal article with 3 authors

Kotera E, Tasaka M, Shikanai T (2005) A pentatricopeptide repeat protein is essential for RNA editing in chloroplasts. Nature 433:326–330

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Brown P, Spalding RE, ReVelle DO, et al (2002) The flux of small near-Earth objects colliding with the Earth. Nature 420:294–296

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Singleton TW, Singleton AJ (2010) Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Dunlap BJ (2015) Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Sontz SB (2013) Paragrassmann Algebras as Quantum Spaces Part I: Reproducing Kernels. In: Kielanowski P, Ali ST, Odesskii A, et al (eds) Geometric Methods in Physics: XXXI Workshop, Białowieża, Poland, June 24–30, 2012. Springer, Basel, pp 47–63

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lung.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Google’s Self-Driving Car Now Knows When To Honk Its Horn. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Telecommunications and Information Technology: Federal Programs That Can Be Used to Fund Technology for Schools and Libraries. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Amodeo GA (2009) Structural and biochemical characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMPK homolog SNF1. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hartman S (2014) Brooklyn Boxer Rises, but Her Feet Stay on the Ground. New York Times A22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Lung
Abbreviation	Lung
ISSN (print)	0341-2040
ISSN (online)	1432-1750
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine