How to format your references using the Lung citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lung. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ruvkun G (2001) Molecular biology. Glimpses of a tiny RNA world. Science 294:797–799

A journal article with 2 authors

Machlis GE, McNutt MK (2010) Disasters. Scenario-building for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Science 329:1018–1019

A journal article with 3 authors

Brown T, Sibbett W, Wright EM (2001) Laser physics. Getting to grips with light. Science 293:1265–1267

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yuan Y-J, Yu Z-T, Liu X-J, et al (2014) Hydrogen photogeneration promoted by efficient electron transfer from iridium sensitizers to colloidal MoS2 catalysts. Sci Rep 4:4045

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allin P, Hand DJ (2014) The Wellbeing of Nations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wannemacker SD, Vandercruysse S, Clarebout G (2012) Serious Games: The Challenge: ITEC/CIP and T 2011: Joint Conference of the Interdisciplinary Research Group on Technology, Education, and Communication, and the Scientific Network on Critical and Flexible Thinking Ghent, Belgium, October 19-21, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Riley DP, Kisi EH, Wu E, et al (2010) Applications of In Situ Neutron Diffraction to Optimisation of Novel Materials Synthesis. In: Eckold G, Schober H, Nagler SE (eds) Studying Kinetics with Neutrons: Prospects for Time-Resolved Neutron Scattering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 123–148

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lung.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) The Future Of Personal Satellite Technology Is Here – Are We Ready For It? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/future-personal-satellite-technology-here-are-we-ready-it/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Amendment No. 1--Documentation Requirements When Assessing Control Risk at Maximum for Controls Significantly Dependent Upon Computerized Information Systems (Superseded by GAO-03-673G) A-GAGAS-1, May 1999. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tripputi MT (2009) Use of mediation in designing clinical trials with two primary endpoints. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1992) THE 1992 CAMPIAGN: Undeclared Candidate; Where Perot Exhibits A Lifetime of Memories. New York Times 18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Lung
Abbreviation	Lung
ISSN (print)	0341-2040
ISSN (online)	1432-1750
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine