How to format your references using the Low Temperature Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Low Temperature Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ P. Corsi, Nature 461, 167 (2009).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ R.L. Taylor and D.W. Mittlefehldt, Science 290, 273c (2000).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ B. Wible, J. Mervis, and N.S. Wigginton, Science 344, 1100 (2014).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ M.T. Landi, J. Bauer, R.M. Pfeiffer, D.E. Elder, B. Hulley, P. Minghetti, D. Calista, P.A. Kanetsky, D. Pinkel, and B.C. Bastian, Science 313, 521 (2006).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ M. Carter and S.P. Bentley, Soil Properties and Their Correlations (John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016).

An edited book

¹ V. Matsagar, editor , Advances in Structural Engineering: Mechanics, Volume One (Springer India, New Delhi, 2015).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ G. Aucher, B. Maubert, and F. Schwarzentruber, in Logics in Artificial Intelligence: 13th European Conference, JELIA 2012, Toulouse, France, September 26-28, 2012. Proceedings, edited by L.F. del Cerro, A. Herzig, and J. Mengin (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012), pp. 54–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Low Temperature Physics.

Blog post

¹ K. Hamilton, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, Greater Coordination and a More Effective Policy Needed for International Telecommunications Facilities (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ R.W. Perez, Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block? The Impact of Prior Military Service on Hiring Managers’ Perceptions of Warmth, Competence, and Hirability, Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ G. Vecsey, New York Times D5 (2010).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Low Temperature Physics
Abbreviation	Low Temp. Phys.
ISSN (print)	1063-777X
ISSN (online)	1090-6517
Scope	General Physics and Astronomy Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)

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