How to format your references using the Low Temperature Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Low Temperature Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ G.J. Retallack, “Ediacaran life on land,” Nature 493(7430), 89–92 (2013).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ H. Bringmann, and A.A. Hyman, “A cytokinesis furrow is positioned by two consecutive signals,” Nature 436(7051), 731–734 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ A.B. Belonoshko, R. Ahuja, and B. Johansson, “Stability of the body-centred-cubic phase of iron in the Earth’s inner core,” Nature 424(6952), 1032–1034 (2003).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ Q. Ji, S.-A. Ji, Y.-N. Cheng, H.-L. You, J.-C. Lü, Y.-Q. Liu, and C.-X. Yuan, “Palaeontology: pterosaur egg with a leathery shell,” Nature 432(7017), 572 (2004).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ F. Gardi, T. Benoist, J. Darlay, B. Estellon, and R. Megel, Mathematical Programming Solver Based on Local Search (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014).

An edited book

¹ W. Härdle, Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Second Edition (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ K. Martens, and K.D. Wolf, “Boomerangs and Trojan Horses: The Unintended Consequences of Internationalising Education Policy Through the EU and the OECD,” in European Integration and the Governance of Higher Education and Research, edited by A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, and P. Maassen, (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009), pp. 81–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Low Temperature Physics.

Blog post

¹ E. Andrew, “Penn & Teller Call Bullshit on Anti-Vaccination,” IFLScience, (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, [Comments on DOD Data Center Consolidation Plan] (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ K.D. Sindel, Can Experiential Education Strategies Improve Elementary Science Teachers’ Perceptions of and Practices in Science Teaching?, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ K. Belson, J. Eligon, and J. Medina, “Warm Welcome for Guests, and No Questions Asked About Their Bags,” New York Times, A14 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Low Temperature Physics
Abbreviation	Low Temp. Phys.
ISSN (print)	1063-777X
ISSN (online)	1090-6517
Scope	General Physics and Astronomy Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)