How to format your references using the Low Temperature Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Low Temperature Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ A. Ghosh, “Neurobiology. Learning more about NMDA receptor regulation,” Science 295(5554), 449–451 (2002).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ D. Wang, and A. Fernandez-Martinez, “Materials science. Order from disorder,” Science 337(6096), 812–813 (2012).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ M. Kulmala, L. Pirjola, and J.M. Makela, “Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles,” Nature 404(6773), 66–69 (2000).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ Y. Fong, L. Bender, W. Wang, and S. Strome, “Regulation of the different chromatin states of autosomes and X chromosomes in the germ line of C. elegans,” Science 296(5576), 2235–2238 (2002).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ R.A. Smith, Virgil (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010).

An edited book

¹ S. Kurbanoğlu, U. Al, P. Lepon Erdoğan, Y. Tonta, and N. Uçak, editors , Technological Convergence and Social Networks in Information Management: Second International Symposium on Information Management in a Changing World, IMCW 2010, Ankara, Turkey, September 22-24, 2010. Proceedings (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ C. Zuidema, and G. de Roo, “Making Sense of Decentralization: Coping with the Complexities of the Urban Environment,” in Risk Governance: The Articulation of Hazard, Politics and Ecology, edited by U. Fra.Paleo, (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2015), pp. 59–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Low Temperature Physics.

Blog post

¹ B. Taub, “Here’s Why The Texture Of Some Food Grosses Us Out,” IFLScience, (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, Afloat Prepositioning: Not All Equipment Meets the Army’s Readiness Goal (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1997).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ Y. Choi, Three Essays on Econometrics, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ R. Rojas, “N.Y.U. Takes Cosby’s Name Off Workshop About Film,” New York Times, A28 (2015).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Low Temperature Physics
Abbreviation	Low Temp. Phys.
ISSN (print)	1063-777X
ISSN (online)	1090-6517
Scope	General Physics and Astronomy Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)