How to format your references using the Local Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Local Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, Neil. 2015. “Metastasis: Resistance Fighters.” Nature 528 (7582): S128-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Panstruga, Ralph, and Peter N. Dodds. 2009. “Terrific Protein Traffic: The Mystery of Effector Protein Delivery by Filamentous Plant Pathogens.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 324 (5928): 748–750.

A journal article with 3 authors

Taneike, Masaki, Fujio Abe, and Kota Sawada. 2003. “Creep-Strengthening of Steel at High Temperatures Using Nano-Sized Carbonitride Dispersions.” Nature 424 (6946): 294–296.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kramer, S. G., T. Kidd, J. H. Simpson, and C. S. Goodman. 2001. “Switching Repulsion to Attraction: Changing Responses to Slit during Transition in Mesoderm Migration.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 292 (5517): 737–740.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rigo, Michel. 2014. Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gullberg, Donald, ed. 2014. I Domain Integrins. Vol. 819. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Tempelmeier, Theodor. 2012. “Teaching ‘Concepts of Programming Languages’ with Ada.” In Reliable Software Technologies – Ada-Europe 2012: 17th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden, June 11-15, 2012. Proceedings, edited by Mats Brorsson and Luís Miguel Pinho, 60–74. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Local Environment.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Mass Grave Reveals Organised Violence Among Europe’s First Farmers.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Competitiveness of Federal Computer Procurements. T-IMTEC-90-12. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shibata, Cameron L. 2017. “Building Positive Body Image in Adolescent Girls: An Evaluation of a Body Image Prevention Program.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kepner, Tyler. 2017. “A World Series Twist: First Loves Become the Enemy.” New York Times, October 28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Savage 2015; Panstruga and Dodds 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Panstruga and Dodds 2009)
Three authors: (Taneike, Abe, and Sawada 2003)
4 or more authors: (Kramer et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Local Environment
Abbreviation	Local Environ.
ISSN (print)	1354-9839
ISSN (online)	1469-6711
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development