How to format your references using the Local Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Local Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Varmus, Harold. 2006. “The New Era in Cancer Research.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 312 (5777): 1162–1165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Normile, Dennis, and Richard A. Kerr. 2011. “Breakthrough of the Year. A Disaster and a Warning--but of What?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 334 (6063): 1634.

A journal article with 3 authors

Deitsch, K. W., M. S. Calderwood, and T. E. Wellems. 2001. “Malaria. Cooperative Silencing Elements in Var Genes.” Nature 412 (6850): 875–876.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Dvorin, Jeffrey D., Derek C. Martyn, Saurabh D. Patel, Joshua S. Grimley, Christine R. Collins, Christine S. Hopp, A. Taylor Bright, et al. 2010. “A Plant-like Kinase in Plasmodium Falciparum Regulates Parasite Egress from Erythrocytes.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 328 (5980): 910–912.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang, Jianqing, and Qiong Wang. 2012. Body Area Communications. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd.

An edited book

Dutt, Ashok K., Allen G. Noble, Frank J. Costa, Sudhir K. Thakur, Rajiv Thakur, and Hari S. Sharma, eds. 2015. Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume 1: Regional Resources. 1st ed. 2015. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Slee, Phillip T., and Grace Skrzypiec. 2016. “Student’s School Relationships.” In Well-Being, Positive Peer Relations and Bullying in School Settings, edited by Grace Skrzypiec, 69–94. Positive Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Local Environment.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Telescopes On The Ground May Be Cheaper, But Hubble Shows Why They Are Not Enough.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/telescopes-ground-may-be-cheaper-hubble-shows-why-they-are-not-enough/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2003. Trends in State Capital Investment in Highways, an E-Supplement to GAO-03-744R. GAO-03-915SP. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Augspurger, Bobbie Anita. 2014. “Teacher Perceptions of Effective School Leadership Using Twenty-First Century Skills and Knowledge.” Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, James R. 2017. “Grand and Beloved (Sometimes Hated).” New York Times, October 3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Varmus 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Varmus 2006; Normile and Kerr 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Normile and Kerr 2011)
Three authors: (Deitsch, Calderwood, and Wellems 2001)
4 or more authors: (Dvorin et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Local Environment
Abbreviation	Local Environ.
ISSN (print)	1354-9839
ISSN (online)	1469-6711
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development