How to format your references using the Hydrogeology Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrogeology Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cohen J (2014) Strategies against HIV/AIDS. Australia shows its neighbors how to stem an epidemic. Introduction. Science 345:152–155

A journal article with 2 authors

Szule JA, Coorssen JR (2004) Comment on “Transmembrane segments of syntaxin line the fusion pore of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.” Science 306:813; author reply 813

A journal article with 3 authors

Hayes D, Griffin GB, Engel GS (2014) Response to Comment on “Engineering coherence among excited states in synthetic heterodimer systems.” Science 344:1099

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Luo D-B, Duan Y-X, He Y, Gao B (2014) A novel DC microplasma sensor constructed in a cavity PDMS chamber with needle electrodes for fast detection of methanol-containing spirit. Sci Rep 4:7451

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sericola B (2013) Markov Chains. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Erstad O, Kumpulainen K, Mäkitalo Å, et al (eds) (2016) Learning across Contexts in the Knowledge Society. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Sakurai Y, Ueda S, Iwasaki A, et al (2011) A Compact Representation Scheme of Coalitional Games Based on Multi-Terminal Zero-Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams. In: Kinny D, Hsu JY-J, Governatori G, Ghose AK (eds) Agents in Principle, Agents in Practice: 14th International Conference, PRIMA 2011, Wollongong, Australia, November 16-18, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 4–18

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrogeology Journal.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) World’s Oldest Blood Cells Preserved in Ötzi the Iceman. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/worlds-oldest-blood-cells-preserved-tzi-iceman/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) Follow Up of Sanitary Conditions in Selected Food Industries. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fan H-T (2012) Design of delta operator based decision feedback equalizer for high-speed backplane data communication. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2008) Conflict Tests Ties Between the Georgian and Russian Orthodox Churches. New York Times A5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cohen 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Szule and Coorssen 2004; Cohen 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Szule and Coorssen 2004)
Three or more authors: (Luo et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrogeology Journal
Abbreviation	Hydrogeol. J.
ISSN (print)	1431-2174
ISSN (online)	1435-0157
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Water Science and Technology