How to format your references using the Livestock Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Livestock Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Linden, J., 2006. Cell biology. Purinergic chemotaxis. Science 314, 1689–1690.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gorbunova, Y.V., Spitzer, N.C., 2002. Dynamic interactions of cyclic AMP transients and spontaneous Ca(2+) spikes. Nature 418, 93–96.

A journal article with 3 authors

King, J.-R., Bekinschtein, T., Dehaene, S., 2011. Comment on “Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state.” Science 334, 1203; author reply 1203.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dauphas, N., van Zuilen, M., Wadhwa, M., Davis, A.M., Marty, B., Janney, P.E., 2004. Clues from Fe isotope variations on the origin of early Archean BIFs from Greenland. Science 306, 2077–2080.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carroll, J.M., Bowyer-Crane, C., Duff, F.J., Hulme, C., Snowling, M.J., 2011. Developing Language and Literacy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Kulkarni, A., Huet, G. (Eds.), 2009. Sanskrit Computational Linguistics: Third International Symposium, Hyderabad, India, January 15-17, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Wear, D.N., Joyce, L.A., Butler, B.J., Gaither, C.J., Nowak, D.J., Stewart, S.I., 2014. Climate Change and Forest Values, in: Peterson, D.L., Vose, J.M., Patel-Weynand, T. (Eds.), Climate Change and United States Forests, Advances in Global Change Research. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 93–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Livestock Science.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. How Trees Communicate Via A Wood Wide Web [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-trees-communicate-via-a-wood-wide-web/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Environmental Protection: EPA’s Science and Technology Funds (No. RCED-99-12). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gjelaj Merturi, E., 2010. The Perceptions of Principal-Based Leadership Practices on Student Reading Achievement (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, J., 2015. A Girl Wants to Know. New York Times BR18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Linden, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Gorbunova and Spitzer, 2002; Linden, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gorbunova and Spitzer, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Dauphas et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Livestock Science
Abbreviation	Livest. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1871-1413
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Veterinary