How to format your references using the Liver Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liver Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton R. Dinosaur curators plot mating game. Nature. 2002 Nov;420(6913):259.

A journal article with 2 authors

Michalakis Y, Roze D. Evolution. Epistasis in RNA viruses. Science. 2004 Nov;306(5701):1492–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature. 2003 Oct;425(6957):516–21.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Douglas AP, Vance DR, Kenny EM, Morris DW, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Next-generation sequencing of the mitochondrial genome and association with IgA nephropathy in a renal transplant population. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec;4:7379.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Spotte S. Tarpons. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Wu Y, editor. Computing and Intelligent Systems: International Conference, ICCIC 2011, Wuhan, China, September 17-18, 2011, Proceedings, Part III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Loewenberger P. Human Resource Development, Creativity and Innovation. In: Shipton H, Budhwar P, Sparrow P, Brown A, editors. Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016; pp 48–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liver Cancer.

Blog post

Andrew E. Astronauts Spot Mysterious Sprites From The International Space Station [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/strange-sprite-spotted-international-space-station/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Savings Opportunity for the United States Mint’s Promotional Mailings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fisher MD. The impact adult supervision, role models, and civic engagement has on the health status of adolescents. 2014

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kovaleski SF. Supervisors Of Gunman Were Told Of Issues. New York Times. 2013 Oct;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liver Cancer
Abbreviation	Liver Cancer
ISSN (print)	2235-1795
ISSN (online)	1664-5553
Scope	Hepatology Oncology