How to format your references using the Liver Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liver Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rustichini A. Neuroscience. Emotion and reason in making decisions. Science. 2005 Dec;310(5754):1624–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gfeller A, Farmer EE. Keeping the leaves green above us. Science. 2004 Nov;306(5701):1515–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murton JB, Peterson R, Ozouf J-C. Bedrock fracture by ice segregation in cold regions. Science. 2006 Nov;314(5802):1127–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Blackburn JM, Long DP, Cabanas A, Watkins JJ. Deposition of conformal copper and nickel films from supercritical carbon dioxide. Science. 2001 Oct;294(5540):141–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Porter AL, Cunningham SW. Tech Mining. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Altman BM, editor. International Measurement of Disability: Purpose, Method and Application. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Duhovnik J, Demšar I, Drešar P. Extrusion. In: Demsar I, Drešar P, editors. Space Modeling with SolidWorks and NX. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 97–134.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liver Cancer.

Blog post

Andrew E. Ordering The Vegetarian Meal? There’s More Animal Blood On Your Hands [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ordering-vegetarian-meal-there-s-more-animal-blood-your-hands/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Title I Formula in S. 1513. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lund BC. Physiological response to cycling at different pedal rates during high intensity interval training. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hanc J. Solitude on the Hudson River. New York Times. 2017 Oct;F38.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liver Cancer
Abbreviation	Liver Cancer
ISSN (print)	2235-1795
ISSN (online)	1664-5553
Scope	Hepatology Oncology