How to format your references using the Liquid Crystals Today citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liquid Crystals Today. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. Out in the cold. Nature. 2003;421(6918):95.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wang X, Key JR. Recent trends in Arctic surface, cloud, and radiation properties from space. Science. 2003;299(5613):1725–1728.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Pan ZW, Dai ZR, Wang ZL. Nanobelts of semiconducting oxides. Science. 2001;291(5510):1947–1949.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Hong B, Gasse F, Uchida M, et al. Increasing summer rainfall in arid eastern-Central Asia over the past 8500 years. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5279.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Grous A. Applied Metrology for Manufacturing Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Bacchus F, Walsh T, editors. Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing: 8th International Conference, SAT 2005, St Andrews, UK, June 19-23, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Jääskeläinen A, Katara M, Kervinen A, et al. Model-Based Testing Service on the Web. In: Suzuki K, Higashino T, Ulrich A, et al., editors. Testing of Software and Communicating Systems: 20th IFIP TC 6/WG 61 International Conference, TestCom 2008 8th International Workshop, FATES 2008 Tokyo, Japan, June 10-13, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 38–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liquid Crystals Today.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Academics Need To Embrace New Ways Of Writing And Sharing Research [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/academics-need-embrace-new-ways-writing-and-sharing-research/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Biotechnology: Information on Prices of Genetically Modified Seeds in the United States and Argentina. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000. Report No.: T-RCED/NSIAD-00-228. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Scaringe JG. An investigation into the faculty development practices in chiropractic education programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Nassau Backs Bid for Regional Planning Council. New York Times. 2007 Aug 5;LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liquid Crystals Today
Abbreviation	Liq. Cryst. Today
ISSN (print)	1358-314X
ISSN (online)	1464-5181
Scope	Inorganic Chemistry Materials Chemistry Condensed Matter Physics