How to format your references using the Spermatogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spermatogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Linke H. Physics. Coherent power booster. Science 2003; 299:841–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Arnaoutov A, Dasso M. Enzyme regulation. IRBIT is a novel regulator of ribonucleotide reductase in higher eukaryotes. Science 2014; 345:1512–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Back JM, McCue SW, Moroney TJ. Including nonequilibrium interface kinetics in a continuum model for melting nanoscaled particles. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7066.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Nakatsuka N, Yang K-A, Abendroth JM, Cheung KM, Xu X, Yang H, Zhao C, Zhu B, Rim YS, Yang Y, et al. Aptamer-field-effect transistors overcome Debye length limitations for small-molecule sensing. Science 2018; 362:319–24.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ganda KM. Dentist’s Guide to Medical Conditions, Medications, and Complications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Pfeiffer S. Beginning HTML5 Media: Make the most of the new video and audio standards for the Web. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim JK. Introduction. In: Kim SH, editor. Radiology Illustrated: Gynecologic Imaging. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. page 57–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spermatogenesis.

Blog post

Andrew E. Your Brain On LSD [Internet]. IFLScience2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/uk-scientists-are-conducting-worlds-first-imaging-study-brain-lsd/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material--Transfer Paper 10.1.3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kapatsinski V. The architecture of grammar in artificial grammar learning: Formal biases in the acquisition of morphophonology and the nature of the learning task. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik JF. Trading Stocks for Bonds Poses Its Own Risks. New York Times2016; :B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spermatogenesis
Abbreviation	Spermatogenesis
ISSN (print)	2156-5554
ISSN (online)	2156-5562
Scope

Research and Writing Guides