How to format your references using the Spermatogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spermatogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Giessibl FJ. Chemistry. Seeing the reaction. Science 2013; 340:1417–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raiborg C, Stenmark H. Cell biology. A helix for the final cut. Science 2011; 331:1533–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sato TK, Overduin M, Emr SD. Location, location, location: membrane targeting directed by PX domains. Science 2001; 294:1881–5.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Howell SM, Fiacco SV, Takahashi TT, Jalali-Yazdi F, Millward SW, Hu B, Wang P, Roberts RW. Serum stable natural peptides designed by mRNA display. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Chemical Transportation Safety, Security, and Risk Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Coats DK. Strabismus Surgery and its Complications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Li P, Fang S-C. Chebyshev Approximation of Inconsistent Fuzzy Relational Equations with Max-T Composition. In: Lodwick WA, Kacprzyk J, editors. Fuzzy Optimization: Recent Advances and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. page 109–24.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spermatogenesis.

Blog post

Luntz S. Ozone Depletion Could Have Been Much Worse. IFLScience2015;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Student Loan Marketing Association’s Loan Consolidation Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kinney CE. Realtime controller tuning for periodic disturbance rejection with application to active noise control. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Parker J. Dear Diary (Volume 1 of 148). New York Times2016; :BR23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spermatogenesis
Abbreviation	Spermatogenesis
ISSN (print)	2156-5554
ISSN (online)	2156-5562
Scope