How to format your references using the Liquid Crystals Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liquid Crystals Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Mayer G. Rigid biological systems as models for synthetic composites. Science. 2005;310:1144–1147.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Howard JAK, Probert MR. Cutting-edge techniques used for the structural investigation of single crystals. Science. 2014;343:1098–1102.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hu H, Martina M, Jonas P. Dendritic mechanisms underlying rapid synaptic activation of fast-spiking hippocampal interneurons. Science. 2010;327:52–58.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Forgues J-C, Sane FB, Blanchard S, et al. Noise intensity-intensity correlations and the fourth cumulant of photo-assisted shot noise. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2869.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Biech E. 101 More Ways to Make Training Active. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Schmauder S. Micromechanics and Nanosimulation of Metals and Composites: Advanced Methods and Theoretical Concepts. Mishnaevsky L, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Stanescu L, Burdescu DD, Brezovan M, et al. Ontologies. In: Burdescu DD, Brezovan M, Mihai CG, editors. Creating New Medical Ontologies for Image Annotation: A Case Study. New York, NY: Springer; 2012. p. 45–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liquid Crystals Reviews.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Coming Soon: Tabletop Fog Screens for 3D Interactions. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Public-Private Partnerships: More Rigorous Up-front Analysis Could Better Secure Potential Benefits and Protect the Public Interest. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008. Report No.: GAO-08-44. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wolff A. PRIDE: A psycho-educational peer support group for LGBTIQ youth: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barker K, Schwirtz M, Foderaro LW. 2 Lives Collide in Fatal Night Inside Shelter. New York Times. 2016 Jan 30;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liquid Crystals Reviews
Abbreviation	Liq. Cryst. Rev.
ISSN (print)	2168-0396
ISSN (online)	2168-0418
Scope	General Chemistry General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics

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