How to format your references using the Limnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Limnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A (2000) U.S. SPACE SCIENCE: Earmarks, Rising Costs Threaten NASA Missions. Science 289:2018

A journal article with 2 authors

Carmeliet P, Jain RK (2000) Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 407:249–257

A journal article with 3 authors

Church JA, White NJ, Arblaster JM (2005) Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and ocean heat content. Nature 438:74–77

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hansen SG, Powers CJ, Richards R, et al (2010) Evasion of CD8+ T cells is critical for superinfection by cytomegalovirus. Science 328:102–106

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins BR (2009) Starting and Managing a Nonprofit Organization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Moore PK, Whiteman M (eds) (2015) Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Hydrogen Sulfide. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Ecker W, Esen V, Steininger T, Velten M (2009) HW/SW Interface. In: Ecker W, Müller W, Dömer R (eds) Hardware-dependent Software: Principles and Practice. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 95–149

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Limnology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2015) The Utterly Horrifying Ways That Doctors Used To Test For Pregnancy. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Student Financial Aid: Need Determination Could Be Enhanced through Improvements in Education’s Estimate of Applicants’ State Tax Payments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Oduntan A (2017) The Rheological Study of the Effects of Surfactant and Hydrophilic Bentonite Nano clay on Oil in Water Emulsions for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Cubs Send Nationals to Their Latest Early Exit. New York Times B10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawler 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Carmeliet and Jain 2000; Lawler 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Carmeliet and Jain 2000)
Three or more authors: (Hansen et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Limnology
Abbreviation	Limnology (Tokyo)
ISSN (print)	1439-8621
ISSN (online)	1439-863X
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology Water Science and Technology