How to format your references using the Limnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Limnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

FitzGerald GA (2012) Medicine. Can intellectual property save drug development? Science 338:483–484

A journal article with 2 authors

Hachet O, Ephrussi A (2004) Splicing of oskar RNA in the nucleus is coupled to its cytoplasmic localization. Nature 428:959–963

A journal article with 3 authors

Mitchell KJ, Cooper A, Phillips MJ (2015) Comment on “Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds.” Science 349:1460

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Suzuki Y, Nakano Y, Mishiro K, et al (2013) Involvement of Mincle and Syk in the changes to innate immunity after ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 3:3177

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2010) Guidelines for Acquisition Evaluation and Post Merger Integration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Harper R, Palen L, Taylor A (eds) (2005) The Inside Text: Social, Cultural and Design Perspectives on SMS. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Assaad R, Krafft C (2016) Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development. In: Diwan I, Galal A (eds) The Middle East Economies in Times of Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 131–158

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Limnology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Why Vultures Don’t Get Food Poisoning. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-vultures-dont-get-food-poisoning/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973) Progress and Problems in Achieving Objectives of School Lunch Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gornto JS (2009) The impact of student leadership in classroom management on student achievement. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK (2003) World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Putin Says Politics Needs More Women. New York Times A8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (FitzGerald 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Hachet and Ephrussi 2004; FitzGerald 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hachet and Ephrussi 2004)
Three or more authors: (Suzuki et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Limnology
Abbreviation	Limnology (Tokyo)
ISSN (print)	1439-8621
ISSN (online)	1439-863X
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology Water Science and Technology