How to format your references using the Lifetime Data Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lifetime Data Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Piran T (2002) Astronomy. Demotion looms for gamma-ray bursts. Science 295:986–987

A journal article with 2 authors

Langer R, Tirrell DA (2004) Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature 428:487–492

A journal article with 3 authors

Kwak S-H, Shen R, Schiefelbein J (2005) Positional signaling mediated by a receptor-like kinase in Arabidopsis. Science 307:1111–1113

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Stevens TE, Wahlstrand JK, Kuhl J, Merlin R (2001) Cherenkov radiation at speeds below the light threshold: phonon-assisted phase matching. Science 291:627–630

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rowlinson M (2016) A Practical Guide to the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Gulbinska MK (ed) (2014) Lithium-ion Battery Materials and Engineering: Current Topics and Problems from the Manufacturing Perspective. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Evans MDR, Peoples CD, Kelley J (2015) Using Secondary Survey Data to Study Community Sentiment: An Example Examining Sentiment Toward Income Based on Family Needs and Income. In: Miller MK, Blumenthal JA, Chamberlain J (eds) Handbook of Community Sentiment. Springer, New York, NY, pp 69–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lifetime Data Analysis.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Nearly 23,000 EU Citizens Die Every Year From Coal-Fired Power Plant Pollution. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) U.S. Citizens Studying Medicine Abroad. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McKinney RW (2017) The Optimal Balance of Liberal Education and Career Readiness in the Context of the American Promise: A Critical Analysis of the American Association of Colleges and Universities Liberal Education and America’s Promise Challenge. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) Theater; Into the Trenches of World War I. New York Times AR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Piran 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Piran 2002; Langer and Tirrell 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Langer and Tirrell 2004)
Three or more authors: (Stevens et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Lifetime Data Analysis
Abbreviation	Lifetime Data Anal.
ISSN (print)	1380-7870
ISSN (online)	1572-9249
Scope	Applied Mathematics General Medicine