How to format your references using the Lifetime Data Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lifetime Data Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Oerlemans J (2005) Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records. Science 308:675–677

A journal article with 2 authors

Kinnamon SC, Reynolds SD (2009) Cell biology. Using taste to clear the air(ways). Science 325:1081–1082

A journal article with 3 authors

Müller K, Fedosov DA, Gompper G (2014) Margination of micro- and nano-particles in blood flow and its effect on drug delivery. Sci Rep 4:4871

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Beck M, Förster F, Ecke M, et al (2004) Nuclear pore complex structure and dynamics revealed by cryoelectron tomography. Science 306:1387–1390

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chin WC (2014) Wave Propagation in Drilling, Well Logging and Reservoir Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Dörr O, Schmalenbach K (eds) (2012) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Przelaskowski A (2008) Computer-Aided Diagnosis: From Image Understanding to Integrated Assistance. In: Pietka E, Kawa J (eds) Information Technologies in Biomedicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 44–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lifetime Data Analysis.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Making Space Rocket Fuel From Water Could Drive A Power Revolution On Earth. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/making-space-rocket-fuel-from-water-could-drive-a-power-revolution-on-earth/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) NASA: Issues Surrounding the Transition from the Space Shuttle to the Next Generation of Human Space Flight Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tabares M (2015) Comprehensive skills program for emancipated foster youth: A grant thesis project. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2008) A Produce Auction With an Eye to Survival. New York Times NJ9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Oerlemans 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Oerlemans 2005; Kinnamon and Reynolds 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kinnamon and Reynolds 2009)
Three or more authors: (Beck et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Lifetime Data Analysis
Abbreviation	Lifetime Data Anal.
ISSN (print)	1380-7870
ISSN (online)	1572-9249
Scope	Applied Mathematics General Medicine