How to format your references using the Library and Information Science Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Library and Information Science Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Geim, A. K. (2009). Graphene: status and prospects. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5934), 1530–1534.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richardson, T. L., & Jackson, G. A. (2007). Small phytoplankton and carbon export from the surface ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5813), 838–840.

A journal article with 3 authors

Velarde, E., Ezcurra, E., & Anderson, D. W. (2013). Seabird diets provide early warning of sardine fishery declines in the Gulf of California. Scientific Reports, 3, 1332.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Demers, G., Griffin, G., De Vroey, G., Haywood, J. R., Zurlo, J., & Bédard, M. (2006). Animal research. Harmonization of animal care and use guidance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5774), 700–701.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Petrozzi, S. (2012). Practical Instrumental Analysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Wüthrich, M. V. (2010). Market-Consistent Actuarial Valuation (H. Bühlmann & H. Furrer, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Misra, P., Viswakarma, N., & Reddy, J. K. (2013). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Signaling in Hepatocarcinogenesis. In L. A. del Río (Ed.), Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism (pp. 77–99). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Library and Information Science Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2015, November 9). What The Hell Is This Bizarre Looking “Alien” Creature? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-weird-mystery-alien-thing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Aviation Safety: Status of FAA’s Actions to Oversee the Safety of Composite Airplanes (GAO-11-849). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller, R. J. (2012). An Investigation Examining the Perceived Implications of Principal Leadership Changing A Large Comprehensive High School into Smaller Learning Communities [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Berger, J. (2014, December 10). Officer Kills Man After Stabbing in Synagogue. New York Times, A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Geim, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Geim, 2009; Richardson & Jackson, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Richardson & Jackson, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Demers et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Library and Information Science Research
Abbreviation	Libr. Inf. Sci. Res.
ISSN (print)	0740-8188
Scope	Information Systems Library and Information Sciences