How to format your references using the Letters in Applied Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Letters in Applied Microbiology (LAM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schork, N.J. (2015) Personalized medicine: Time for one-person trials. Nature. 520, 609–611.

A journal article with 2 authors

Okamoto, N. and Inouye, I. (2005) A secondary symbiosis in progress? Science. 310, 287.

A journal article with 3 authors

Casanueva, M.O., Burga, A. and Lehner, B. (2012) Fitness trade-offs and environmentally induced mutation buffering in isogenic C. elegans. Science. 335, 82–85.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tsong, A.E., Tuch, B.B., Li, H. and Johnson, A.D. (2006) Evolution of alternative transcriptional circuits with identical logic. Nature. 443, 415–420.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weller, R.B., Hunter, H.J.A. and Mann, M.W. (2014) Clinical Dermatology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Stranieri, A. (2005) Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases. Law and Philosophy Library. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Weigt, M. and Zarakas, I. (2015) Unbounded Derivations of GB*-algebras. In Operator Algebras and Mathematical Physics: 24th International Workshop in Operator Theory and its Applications, Bangalore, December 2013, , Operator Theory: Advances and Applications ed. Bhattacharyya, T. and Dritschel, M.A. pp.69–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Letters in Applied Microbiology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016) Earth’s Deepest Water May Be 1,000 Kilometers Below The Surface [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earths-deepest-water-may-be-1000-kilometers-below-the-surface/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) Procedures To Safeguard Social Security Beneficiary Records Can and Should Be Improved ( No. HRD-78-116). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mcfarlane, N. (2010) Information power efficiency tradeoffs in mixed signal CMOS circuits. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by (2006) Arts, Briefly; Fire Ravages a Russian Cathedral. New York Times. B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schork, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Okamoto & Inouye, 2005; Schork, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Okamoto & Inouye, 2005)
Three authors: (Casanueva, Burga & Lehner, 2012)
4 or more authors: (Tsong et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Letters in Applied Microbiology
ISSN (print)	0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
Scope