How to format your references using the Leisure Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Leisure Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenberg, R. S. (2003). Science and the law. Patent swords and shields. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5609), 1018–1019.

A journal article with 2 authors

Settembre, C., & Ballabio, A. (2014). Cell metabolism: autophagy transcribed. Nature, 516(7529), 40–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shevenell, A. E., Kennett, J. P., & Lea, D. W. (2004). Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5691), 1766–1770.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Huang, F., Ma, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Hu, L., & Chen, D. (2014). 2.7 μm emission of high thermally and chemically durable glasses based on AlF3. Scientific Reports, 4, 3607.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Knuth, E. (2011). Trading Between the Lines. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Pommier, Y. (Ed.). (2012). DNA Topoisomerases and Cancer (1st ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferrari, A., Reverberi, S., & Benedetti, M. G. (2013). Varismo del retropiede — supinazione o inversione dell’avampiede. In S. Reverberi & M. G. Benedetti (Eds.), L’arto inferiore nella paralisi cerebrale infantile: Semeiotica e chirurgia funzionale (pp. 87–109). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Leisure Studies.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, July 22). How A Dog Copes With Stress Depends On Its Temperament. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-dog-copes-stress-depends-its-temperament/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Attack Warning: Lack of System Architecture Contributes to Major Development Problems (IMTEC-92-52). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarroll, M. L. (2005). Exercise and Airway Clearing Devices in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Turkewitz, J. (2013, October 15). A State Inquiry Is Said To Target Job Agencies. New York Times, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eisenberg, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Eisenberg, 2003; Settembre & Ballabio, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Settembre & Ballabio, 2014)
Three authors: (Shevenell et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Leisure Studies
ISSN (print)	0261-4367
ISSN (online)	1466-4496
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Geography, Planning and Development