How to format your references using the Leisure Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Leisure Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weinstein, J. N. (2008). Biochemistry. A postgenomic visual icon. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5871), 1772–1773.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bier, E., & De Robertis, E. M. (2015). EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. BMP gradients: A paradigm for morphogen-mediated developmental patterning. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6242), aaa5838.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kender, S., Yu, J., & Peck, V. L. (2014). Deep ocean carbonate ion increase during mid Miocene CO2 decline. Scientific Reports, 4, 4187.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ilani, S., Yacoby, A., Mahalu, D., & Shtrikman, H. (2001). Microscopic structure of the metal-insulator transition in two dimensions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5520), 1354–1357.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hurst, K. (2008). Primary Care Trust Workforce Planning and Development. Whurr Publishers Ltd.

An edited book

Marechal, E., Roy, S., & Lafanechère, L. (Eds.). (2011). Chemogenomics and Chemical Genetics: A User’s Introduction for Biologists, Chemists and Informaticians. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hall, M. J. W., & Reginatto, M. (2016). Quantization of Classical Ensembles via an Exact Uncertainty Principle. In M. Reginatto (Ed.), Ensembles on Configuration Space: Classical, Quantum, and Beyond (pp. 85–113). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Leisure Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 15). Scientists Observe Radioactive Decay In Action For First Time. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Advance Sheets: Volume 73, Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States (OGC-94-28). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bethany, M. P. (2014). Business continuity planning: Identifying gaps, patterns and justifications [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B., & Schonbrun, Z. (2017, March 17). Northwestern Makes Its Debut a Winning One. New York Times, B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Weinstein, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bier & De Robertis, 2015; Weinstein, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bier & De Robertis, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Ilani et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Leisure Studies
ISSN (print)	0261-4367
ISSN (online)	1466-4496
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Geography, Planning and Development