How to format your references using the Leisure Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Leisure Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sharp, T. (2014). Earth science. Bridgmanite--named at last. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6213), 1057–1058.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bennett, C. H., & DiVincenzo, D. P. (2000). Quantum information and computation. Nature, 404(6775), 247–255.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bordenstein, S. R., O’Hara, F. P., & Werren, J. H. (2001). Wolbachia-induced incompatibility precedes other hybrid incompatibilities in Nasonia. Nature, 409(6821), 707–710.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Acharya, A. P., Rafi, M., Woods, E. C., Gardner, A. B., & Murthy, N. (2014). Metabolic engineering of lactate dehydrogenase rescues mice from acidosis. Scientific Reports, 4, 5189.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wrobel, G. M., & Neil, E. (2009). International Advances in Adoption Research for Practice. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Li, D., & Chen, Y. (Eds.). (2013). Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VI: 6th IFIP WG 5.14 International Conference, CCTA 2012, Zhangjiajie, China, October 19-21, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, Part I (Vol. 392). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lu, Z., Qu, Y., & Qiao, S. (2014). The Geoid and Different Height Systems. In Y. Qu & S. Qiao (Eds.), Geodesy: Introduction to Geodetic Datum and Geodetic Systems (pp. 131–163). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Leisure Studies.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, August 22). Research Reveals How New Brain Cells Are Born. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/research-reveals-new-brain-cells-born/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Vehicle Donations: Taxpayer Considerations When Donating Vehicles to Charities (GAO-03-608T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, R. N. (2017). Inclusive Classrooms: A Basic Qualitative Study of K-8 Urban Charter School Teachers [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. (2017, May 10). Hulu Hires AMC Veteran as First Chief Content Officer. New York Times, B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sharp, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Bennett & DiVincenzo, 2000; Sharp, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bennett & DiVincenzo, 2000)
Three authors: (Bordenstein et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Acharya et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Leisure Studies
ISSN (print)	0261-4367
ISSN (online)	1466-4496
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Geography, Planning and Development