How to format your references using the Leisure Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Leisure Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Murphy, G. (2003). Dyslexia: lost for words. Nature, 425(6956), 340–342.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mesterton-Gibbons, M., & Adams, E. S. (2002). Behavioral ecology. The economics of animal cooperation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5601), 2146–2147.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pergams, O. R. W., Barnes, W. M., & Nyberg, D. (2003). Mammalian microevolution: Rapid change in mouse mitochondrial DNA. Nature, 423(6938), 397.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lu, X., Tang, L., Li, K., Zheng, J., Zhao, P., Tao, Y., & Li, L.-X. (2014). Contribution of NKX2-3 polymorphisms to inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis of 35358 subjects. Scientific Reports, 4, 3924.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zito, R. (2011). Electrochemical Water Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Krüger, W. (2009). Acute Heart Failure: Putting the Puzzle of Pathophysiology and Evidence Together in Daily Practice (A. J. Ludman, Ed.). Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

Scheerens, J. (2014). Relevance of the Findings for Educational Policy and Future Research. In J. Scheerens (Ed.), Effectiveness of Time Investments in Education: Insights from a review and meta-analysis (pp. 143–157). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Leisure Studies.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2015, October 7). NASA Successfully Tests New Heat Shield Designed For Breaching Mars’ Atmosphere. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Earth Observing System: NASA’s EOSDIS Development Approach Is Risky (IMTEC-92-24). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davenport, L. C. (2008). Behavior and ecology of the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) in oxbow lakes of the Manú Biosphere Reserve, Perú [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling, M. K. (2017, August 28). Wild Kingdom. New York Times, M2138.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Murphy, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Mesterton-Gibbons & Adams, 2002; Murphy, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mesterton-Gibbons & Adams, 2002)
Three authors: (Pergams et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Lu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Leisure Studies
ISSN (print)	0261-4367
ISSN (online)	1466-4496
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Geography, Planning and Development