How to format your references using the Learning, Media and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Learning, Media and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger, Karen. 2003. “Stacking the Deck.” Nature 422 (6933): 784–785.

A journal article with 2 authors

Akiyama, Takuya, and Matthew C. Gibson. 2015. “Decapentaplegic and Growth Control in the Developing Drosophila Wing.” Nature 527 (7578): 375–378.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tomoyasu, Yoshinori, Scott R. Wheeler, and Robin E. Denell. 2005. “Ultrabithorax Is Required for Membranous Wing Identity in the Beetle Tribolium Castaneum.” Nature 433 (7026): 643–647.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bochtler, M., C. Hartmann, H. K. Song, G. P. Bourenkov, H. D. Bartunik, and R. Huber. 2000. “The Structures of HsIU and the ATP-Dependent Protease HsIU-HsIV.” Nature 403 (6771): 800–805.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schorn, Christian, and Brian Taylor. 2004. NMR Spectroscopy: Data Acquisition. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Puls, Ralf, and Norbert Hosten, eds. 2014. Whole-Body MRI Screening. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Menikoff, Ralph. 2007. “Elastic–Plastic Shock Waves.” In ShockWave Science and Technology Reference Library, edited by Yasuyuki Horie, 189–224. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Learning, Media and Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Clues About Black Hole Formation Found in Massive Stellar Explosion.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/clues-about-black-hole-formation-found-massive-stellar-explosion/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Airport Financing: Projects Eligible for Federal Support That May Go Unfunded. RCED-98-165R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mark, Mercedes. 2017. “A Peer Mentorship Program for Youth Transitioning out of Foster Care: A Grant Proposal.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Risen, James, and Matthew Rosenberg. 2017. “President Wants Ally to Review U.S. Spy Agencies.” New York Times, February 16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kreeger 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Kreeger 2003; Akiyama and Gibson 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Akiyama and Gibson 2015)
Three authors: (Tomoyasu, Wheeler, and Denell 2005)
4 or more authors: (Bochtler et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Learning, Media and Technology
Abbreviation	Learn. Media Technol.
ISSN (print)	1743-9884
ISSN (online)	1743-9892
Scope	Media Technology Education