How to format your references using the Learning, Media and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Learning, Media and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Doncaster, C. Patrick. 2006. “Comment on ‘On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects’ III.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 311 (5764): 1100; author reply 1100.

A journal article with 2 authors

Korkusinski, Marek, and Pawel Hawrylak. 2014. “Quantum Strain Sensor with a Topological Insulator HgTe Quantum Dot.” Scientific Reports 4 (May): 4903.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hedde, Per Niklas, Milka Stakic, and Enrico Gratton. 2014. “Rapid Measurement of Molecular Transport and Interaction inside Living Cells Using Single Plane Illumination.” Scientific Reports 4 (November): 7048.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wee, Sung Hun, Yuri L. Zuev, Claudia Cantoni, and Amit Goyal. 2013. “Engineering Nanocolumnar Defect Configurations for Optimized Vortex Pinning in High Temperature Superconducting Nanocomposite Wires.” Scientific Reports 3: 2310.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Roy, Debasish, and G. Visweswara Rao. 2012. Elements of Structural Dynamics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Fels, Enrico, Jan-Frederik Kremer, and Katharina Kronenberg, eds. 2012. Power in the 21st Century: International Security and International Political Economy in a Changing World. Global Power Shift, Comparative Analysis and Perspectives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Civettini, Andrew J. W. 2011. “Barack Obama and the Political Science of Hope.” In Politics and Emotions: The Obama Phenomenon, edited by Marcos Engelken-Jorge, Pedro Ibarra Güell, and Carmelo Moreno del Río, 95–106. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Learning, Media and Technology.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. “Evidence Of Earliest Ritualized Decapitation In The Americas Discovered.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/evidence-earliest-ritualized-decapitation-americas-discovered/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1977. The National School Lunch Program: Is It Working? PAD-77-6. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, Jenni. 2012. “The Work Expectations of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker, Peter, and Michael D. Shear. 2017. “Shifting Tone, President Saves Dark Words for a Faith’s Fringe.” New York Times, May 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Doncaster 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Doncaster 2006; Korkusinski and Hawrylak 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Korkusinski and Hawrylak 2014)
Three authors: (Hedde, Stakic, and Gratton 2014)
4 or more authors: (Wee et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Learning, Media and Technology
Abbreviation	Learn. Media Technol.
ISSN (print)	1743-9884
ISSN (online)	1743-9892
Scope	Media Technology Education