How to format your references using the Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Masood, Ehsan. 2012. “Expert Assessments Can Work If Lessons Are Learned.” Nature 490 (7419): 145.

A journal article with 2 authors

Begun, David R., and Carol V. Ward. 2005. “Comment on ‘Pierolapithecus Catalaunicus, a New Middle Miocene Great Ape from Spain.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 308 (5719): 203; author reply 203.

A journal article with 3 authors

Conaway, Ronald C., Christopher S. Brower, and Joan Weliky Conaway. 2002. “Emerging Roles of Ubiquitin in Transcription Regulation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5571): 1254–1258.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Serafini, Mauro, Rossana Bugianesi, Giuseppe Maiani, Silvia Valtuena, Simone De Santis, and Alan Crozier. 2003. “Plasma Antioxidants from Chocolate.” Nature 424 (6952): 1013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walker, Andy. 2013. Solar Energy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Pluvinage, Guy, and Mohamed Hamdy Elwany, eds. 2008. Safety, Reliability and Risks Associated with Water, Oil and Gas Pipelines. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Smith, Laura Mazzoli, and Jim Campbell. 2012. “The Breakwells’ Tale.” In Families, Education and Giftedness: Case Studies in the Construction of High Achievement, edited by Jim Campbell, 77–93. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies.

Blog post

Evans, Katy. 2017. “EPA Finds 97% Of Endangered Species In US Threatened By Two Common Pesticides.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/epa-finds-97-of-endangered-species-in-us-threatened-by-two-common-pesticides/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Highway Trust Fund: Possible Impact If It Had Financed All Highway Expenditures. RCED-98-78R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lai, Ju-Ping. 2008. “Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) As A Molecular Target in Lung Epithelial Wound Repair and Protection.” Doctoral dissertation, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, John. 2017. “Hey, Modernity, They’re Just Not Into You.” New York Times, July 23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Masood 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Masood 2012; Begun and Ward 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Begun and Ward 2005)
Three authors: (Conaway, Brower, and Conaway 2002)
4 or more authors: (Serafini et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies
Abbreviation	Lat. Am. Caribb. Ethn. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1744-2222
ISSN (online)	1744-2230
Scope	Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies