How to format your references using the Language Testing in Asia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language Testing in Asia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Russo, E. (2003). Victims of success. Nature, 422(6929), 354–355.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wculek, S. K., & Malanchi, I. (2015). Neutrophils support lung colonization of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells. Nature, 528(7582), 413–417.

A journal article with 3 authors

Williams-Guillén, K., Perfecto, I., & Vandermeer, J. (2008). Bats limit insects in a neotropical agroforestry system. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5872), 70.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jenni, S., Leibundgut, M., Maier, T., & Ban, N. (2006). Architecture of a fungal fatty acid synthase at 5 A resolution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5765), 1263–1267.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schoukens, J., Pintelon, R., & Rolain, Y. (2012). Mastering System Identification in 100 Exercises. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Richey, R. C. (Ed.). (2013). Encyclopedia of Terminology for Educational Communications and Technology. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Beitzel, K., & Imhoff, A. B. (2015). Post-traumatic Shoulder Stiffness. In E. Itoi, G. Arce, G. I. Bain, R. L. Diercks, D. Guttmann, A. B. Imhoff, et al. (Eds.), Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns (pp. 45–48). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language Testing in Asia.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, June 13). Mars Has Gigantic Seasonal Dust Storms. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Airline Competition: Cargo Airline Has Enhanced Competition in Hawaii but Faces an Uncertain Future (No. RCED-98-156). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ding, H. (2012). Mode of Action for Hexavalent Chromium Carcinogenicity in Drinking Water (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, June 25). Disputes Over Prince’s Estate Cloud the Future of His Vault. New York Times, p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Russo 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Russo 2003; Wculek and Malanchi 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wculek and Malanchi 2015)
Three or more authors: (Jenni et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language Testing in Asia
Abbreviation	Lang. Test. Asia
ISSN (online)	2229-0443
Scope