How to format your references using the Language Testing in Asia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language Testing in Asia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marshall, C. (2005). Comment on “Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5727), 1413; author reply 1413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bridson, R., & Batty, C. (2010). Computer science. Computational physics in film. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6012), 1756–1757.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Carmack, E., & McLaughlin, F. (2006). Nitrogen balance and Arctic throughflow. Nature, 443(7107), 43.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yang, Z.-Y., Wei, C.-J., Kong, W.-P., Wu, L., Xu, L., Smith, D. F., & Nabel, G. J. (2007). Immunization by avian H5 influenza hemagglutinin mutants with altered receptor binding specificity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5839), 825–828.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blicq, R. S., & Moretto, L. A. (2015). Writing Reports to Get Results. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nóbrega, C. E. L., & Brum, N. C. L. (Eds.). (2014). Desiccant-Assisted Cooling: Fundamentals and Applications. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Khelalef, A., Ababsa, F., & Benoudjit, N. (2016). A Simple Human Activity Recognition Technique Using DCT. In J. Blanc-Talon, C. Distante, W. Philips, D. Popescu, & P. Scheunders (Eds.), Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 17th International Conference, ACIVS 2016, Lecce, Italy, October 24-27, 2016, Proceedings (pp. 37–46). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language Testing in Asia.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, June 24). How Much Room Do We Need To Supply The Entire World With Solar Electricity? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-much-room-do-we-need-supply-entire-world-solar-electricity/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Higher Education: School’s Use of the Antitrust Exemption Has Not Significantly Affected College Affordability or Likelihood of Student Enrollment to Date (No. GAO-06-963). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Horning, C. L. (2017). Kinesthetic learning in algebra and its effects on students’ achievement and disposition toward mathemathics (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (2000, May 22). Maryland Rides Second-Half Rally to Sixth Straight Title. New York Times, p. D10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marshall 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Bridson and Batty 2010; Marshall 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bridson and Batty 2010)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language Testing in Asia
Abbreviation	Lang. Test. Asia
ISSN (online)	2229-0443
Scope