How to format your references using the Language Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Triendl, R., 2000. Japan sets tissue donor guidelines. Nature 404, 529.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brewer, P.G., Peltzer, E.T., 2009. OCEANS. Limits to marine life. Science 324, 347–348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Max, C.E., Canalizo, G., de Vries, W.H., 2007. Locating the two black holes in NGC 6240. Science 316, 1877–1880.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Whittington, A.T., Vugrek, O., Wei, K.J., Hasenbein, N.G., Sugimoto, K., Rashbrooke, M.C., Wasteneys, G.O., 2001. MOR1 is essential for organizing cortical microtubules in plants. Nature 411, 610–613.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis, T.G., 2010. Java® and Mac OS® X. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.

An edited book

Reynders, N., 2015. Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits, Analog Circuits and Signal Processing. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Pezzella, A.M., 2016. Intersubjectivity and Community in Edith Stein’s Thought, in: Calcagno, A. (Ed.), Edith Stein: Women, Social-Political Philosophy, Theology, Metaphysics and Public History: New Approaches and Applications, Boston Studies in Philosophy, Religion and Public Life. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language Sciences.

Blog post

Evans, K., 2017. Tiny Robot Drones Developed To Help Declining Bees Pollinate Plants [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/tiny-robot-drones-developed-to-help-declining-bees-pollinate-plants/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Reported Y2K Status of the 21 Largest U.S. Cities (No. AIMD-99-246R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Merkurjev, D., 2015. Understanding Enhancer Role in Transcriptional Response (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR, N., 2015. Giant Statues Aplenty, But This One Comes With a Fierce Debate. New York Times A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Triendl, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Brewer and Peltzer, 2009; Triendl, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brewer and Peltzer, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Whittington et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language Sciences
Abbreviation	Lang. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0388-0001
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language