How to format your references using the Language Resources and Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language Resources and Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Johnson, E. (2002). Phase of matter. The elusive liquid-solid interface. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5567), 477–478.

A journal article with 2 authors

Saul, J., & Vinnik, L. (2003). Earth science: Mantle deformation or processing artefact? Nature, 422(6928), 136; discussion 136.

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Connor, J. E., Duda, J. J., & Grant, G. E. (2015). Ecology. 1000 dams down and counting. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6234), 496–497.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Asfaw, B., Gilbert, W. H., Beyene, Y., Hart, W. K., Renne, P. R., WoldeGabriel, G., et al. (2002). Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature, 416(6878), 317–320.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kent, J. (2017). ADA in Details. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Huff, H. R. (Ed.). (2009). Into the Nano Era: Moore’s Law Beyond Planar Silicon CMOS (Vol. 106). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Dittrich, P. (2011). Organization Oriented Chemical Computing. In M. Gheorghe, T. Hinze, G. Păun, G. Rozenberg, & A. Salomaa (Eds.), Membrane Computing: 11th International Conference, CMC 2010, Jena, Germany, August 24-27, 2010. Revised Selected Papers (pp. 18–18). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language Resources and Evaluation.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, November 11). Friendship Helps Chimps De-Stress. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/friendship-helps-chimps-de-stress/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Aircraft Noise: Implementation of FAA’s Expanded East Coast Plan (No. RCED-88-143). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jensen, M. E. (2010). A comparison of school psychologists’ and school counselors’ ability to identify cognitive abilities underlying basic academic tasks (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2010, May 20). Scouting Report. New York Times, p. E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Johnson 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Johnson 2002; Saul and Vinnik 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Saul and Vinnik 2003)
Three or more authors: (Asfaw et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language Resources and Evaluation
Abbreviation	Lang. Resour. Eval.
ISSN (print)	1574-020X
ISSN (online)	1574-0218
Scope	Language and Linguistics Education Library and Information Sciences Linguistics and Language

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