How to format your references using the Landslides citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landslides. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bell JI (2003) The double helix in clinical practice. Nature 421:414–416

A journal article with 2 authors

De Francesco R, Migliaccio G (2005) Challenges and successes in developing new therapies for hepatitis C. Nature 436:953–960

A journal article with 3 authors

Scholz M, Lo C-C, Chain PSG (2014) Improved assemblies using a source-agnostic pipeline for MetaGenomic Assembly by Merging (MeGAMerge) of contigs. Sci Rep 4:6480

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Tian D, Wang Q, Zhang P, et al (2008) Single-nucleotide mutation rate increases close to insertions/deletions in eukaryotes. Nature 455:105–108

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne P (2017) World Religions in Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Shah RB (2012) Prostate Biopsy Interpretation: An Illustrated Guide. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Supriya, Siuly, Wang H, et al (2016) Analyzing EEG Signal Data for Detection of Epileptic Seizure: Introducing Weight on Visibility Graph with Complex Network Feature. In: Cheema MA, Zhang W, Chang L (eds) Databases Theory and Applications: 27th Australasian Database Conference, ADC 2016, Sydney, NSW, September 28-29, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 56–66

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landslides.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Artificial Viruses Can Trick Immune System Into Killing Off Cancer Cells. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/artificial-viruses-trick-immune-system-killing-cancer-cells/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Default Rates on Federal Student Loans. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Proser M (2015) Ingredients for Optimal Care: Exploring Factors Associated with Patient Quality Outcomes among Federally-Qualified Health Centers. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J (2016) European Leaders, Reeling, Meet to Weigh Fallout of U.S. Election. New York Times A9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bell 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bell 2003; De Francesco and Migliaccio 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (De Francesco and Migliaccio 2005)
Three or more authors: (Tian et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landslides
Abbreviation	Landslides
ISSN (print)	1612-510X
ISSN (online)	1612-5118
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology