How to format your references using the Karstenia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Karstenia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Binns, W.R. 2011: Astronomy. Cosmic-ray origins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 334: 1071–1072.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bae, B.-I. & Walsh, C.A. 2013: Neuroscience. What are mini-brains? Science (New York, N.Y.) 342: 200–201.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bascompte, J., Jordano, P. & Olesen, J.M. 2006: Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance. Science (New York, N.Y.) 312: 431–433.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fan, J., Rosenfeld, D., Zhang, Y., Giangrande, S.E., Li, Z., Machado, L.A.T., Martin, S.T., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H.M.J., Braga, R.C., Comstock, J.M., Feng, Z., Gao, W., Gomes, H.B., Mei, F., Pöhlker, C., Pöhlker, M.L., Pöschl, U. & Souza, R.A.F. de 2018: Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles. Science (New York, N.Y.) 359: 411–418.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vassiliou, P.-C.G. 2013: Discrete-time Asset Pricing Models in Applied Stochastic Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

Ulivi, P. 2012: Robotic Exploration of the Solar System: Part 3: Wows and Woes, 1997-2003. Praxis, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Sivertsgård, R., Thorstad, E.B., Økland, F., Finstad, B., Bjørn, P.A., Jepsen, N., Nordal, T. & McKinley, R.S. 2007: Effects of salmon lice infection and salmon lice protection on fjord migrating Atlantic salmon and brown trout post-smolts. In: Almeida, P.R., Quintella, B.R., Costa, M.J., & Moore, A. (eds.). Developments in Fish Telemetry: Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Fish Telemetry held in Europe. Developments in Hydrobiology 195, 35–42. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Karstenia.

Blog post

Davis, J. 2015: Conservationists to Engrave Every Critically Endangered Ploughshare Tortoise. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1986: Guaranteed Student Loans: Better Criteria Needed for Financing Guarantee Agencies.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Torres, M.F. 2009: The effect of mergers and acquisitions in the information technology organizational structures. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. 2014: Old Story in Politics Resonates in New Era. New York Times A29B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Binns 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Binns 2011, Bae & Walsh 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bae & Walsh 2013)
Three or more authors: (Fan et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Karstenia
ISSN (print)	0453-3402
Scope