How to format your references using the Karbala International Journal of Modern Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Karbala International Journal of Modern Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Ratner, Pushing electrons around, Nature 404 (2000) 137–138.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L. Vigevani, J. Valcárcel, Molecular biology. A splicing magic bullet, Science 345 (2014) 624–625.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.P. Yanoviak, R. Dudley, M. Kaspari, Directed aerial descent in canopy ants, Nature 433 (2005) 624–626.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

N.S. Redhu, L. Shan, H. Movassagh, A.S. Gounni, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces migration in human airway smooth muscle cells, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2301.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C.G.D. Brook, M.T. Dattani, Handbook of Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

J. Niemann, S. Tichkiewitch, E. Westkämper, eds., Design of Sustainable Product Life Cycles, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Amarasingam, A. Poologaindran, Diaspora, Development, and Intra-community Politics: Sri Lankan Tamils in Canada and Post-War Debates, in: A. Chikanda, J. Crush, M. Walton-Roberts (Eds.), Diasporas, Development and Governance, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Karbala International Journal of Modern Science.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, This Is What Niagara Falls Looks Like When It Freezes Over, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/incredible-images-partially-frozen-niagara-falls/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Commercial Maritime Industry: Updated Information on Federal Assessments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.M. McGrath, Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008: A policy analysis, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, Nassau Has $100 Million for Open Space, New York Times (2007) LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
ISSN (print)	2405-609X
Scope