How to format your references using the Karbala International Journal of Modern Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Karbala International Journal of Modern Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Couzin-Frankel, A lonely crusade, Science. 344 (2014) 793–797.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.C. Finlay, A. Jackson, Equatorially dominated magnetic field change at the surface of Earth’s core, Science. 300 (2003) 2084–2086.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. de Mel, D. McKenzie, C. Woodruff, One-time transfers of cash or capital have long-lasting effects on microenterprises in Sri Lanka, Science. 335 (2012) 962–966.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

W. Sunda, D.J. Kieber, R.P. Kiene, S. Huntsman, An antioxidant function for DMSP and DMS in marine algae, Nature. 418 (2002) 317–320.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H.-G. Elias, Macromolecules, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

N. Reynders, Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Tong, L. Zhou, J. Tang, Frequency Setting of Urban Mass Transit Based on Passenger Flow Along the Entire Line, in: H. Xia, Y. Zhang (Eds.), The 2nd International Symposium on Rail Transit Comprehensive Development (ISRTCD) Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014: pp. 59–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Karbala International Journal of Modern Science.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Video shows Earth’s seasons as seen from space, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/video-shows-earths-seasons-seen-space/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Airline Competition: Effects of Airline Market Concentration and Barriers to Entry on Airfares, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L. Kantar, Clinical judgment among new nursing graduates: A multiple-case study, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Feeney, A Fish Shack With a Secret (It’s the Batter), New York Times. (2006) 14NJ13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
ISSN (print)	2405-609X
Scope